* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Ch 6 - Momentum
Wave packet wikipedia , lookup
Introduction to quantum mechanics wikipedia , lookup
Four-vector wikipedia , lookup
Atomic theory wikipedia , lookup
Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
Centripetal force wikipedia , lookup
Monte Carlo methods for electron transport wikipedia , lookup
Routhian mechanics wikipedia , lookup
Hamiltonian mechanics wikipedia , lookup
Specific impulse wikipedia , lookup
Tensor operator wikipedia , lookup
Renormalization group wikipedia , lookup
Relativistic quantum mechanics wikipedia , lookup
Uncertainty principle wikipedia , lookup
Old quantum theory wikipedia , lookup
Classical mechanics wikipedia , lookup
Symmetry in quantum mechanics wikipedia , lookup
Equations of motion wikipedia , lookup
Matter wave wikipedia , lookup
Work (physics) wikipedia , lookup
Quantum vacuum thruster wikipedia , lookup
Accretion disk wikipedia , lookup
Classical central-force problem wikipedia , lookup
Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector wikipedia , lookup
Angular momentum wikipedia , lookup
Photon polarization wikipedia , lookup
Theoretical and experimental justification for the Schrödinger equation wikipedia , lookup
Angular momentum operator wikipedia , lookup
Relativistic mechanics wikipedia , lookup
Newton's laws of motion wikipedia , lookup
Ch 6 - Momentum What is momentum? Momentum = a vector quantity defined as the product of an object’s mass and velocity p = mv (momentum = mass x velocity) SI Unit = kgm/s (kilogram meter per second) A 2250 gram toy truck has a velocity of 4 m/s to the east. What is the momentum of the toy? M = 2250 g = 2.25 kg V = 4 m/s p = mv = 2.25 x 4 = 9 kgm/s east Momentum Continued… A change in momentum takes force and time When a soccer ball is moving very fast, the player must exert a large force over a short time to change the ball’s momentum and quickly bring the ball to a stop Impulse – Momentum Theorem Impulse = for a constant external force, the product of the force and the time over which it acts on an object; OR, the change in momentum of an object FΔt = Δp = mvf – mvi Impulse = change in momentum = final momentum – initial momentum A 1400kg car moving westward with a velocity of 15 m/s collides with a utility pole and is brought to rest in 0.30s. Find the magnitude of the force exerted on the car during the collision. M = 1400kg Δt = 0.30s Vi = 15 m/s west = -15 m/s Vf = 0 m/s mv f mvi F F=? t (1400kg )(0m / s ) (1400kg )( 15m / s ) F 0.30 s 21000 F 70, 000 N to the East 0.30 6.2 – Conservation of Momentum Law of Conservation of Momentum The total momentum is conserved That is, the total momentum at the beginning of the situation has to equal the total momentum at the end m1v1i m2v2i m1v1 f m2v2 f This formula can be used in lots of different examples, like collisions, explosions, or when objects push away from each other. A 76kg boater, initially at rest in a stationary 45kg boat, steps out of the boat and onto the dock. If the boater moves out of the boat with a velocity of 2.5 m/s to the right, what is the final velocity of the boat? m1 76kg m1v1i m2v2i m1v1 f m2v2 f m2 45kg 0 m1v1 f m2 v2 f v1i 0 v2i 0 v1 f 2.5m / s v2 f ? 0 (76kg )(2.5m / s) (45kg )v2 f 0 190 45v2 f 190 45v2 f 190 v2 f 45 v2 f 4.2m / s Momentum Continued… The conservation of momentum fits with Newton’s Third Law Every action has an equal but opposite reaction Real World vs. Physics World In real life, forces during collisions are not constant In physics world, we will work as if we are using the “average force” in our calculations 6.3 – Elastic and Inelastic Collisions Types of Collisions Perfectly Inelastic Collisions Two objects collide and stick together, moving together as one mass Momentum is Conserved m1v1i m2v2i (m1 m2 )v f NOTE: You will get the same results using the equation we already learned for conservation of momentum. This just reminds you that the masses stuck together! Perfectly Inelastic Collisions, Cont. Kinetic Energy is NOT constant (conserved) in inelastic collisions When the two objects stick together, some energy is lost Deformation of objects (crunching of cars) Sound Heat 1 1 2 KEi m1v1i m2v22i 2 2 1 1 2 KE f m1v1 f m2v22 f 2 2 Then compare the initial KE to the final KE to see how much energy was “lost” Type of Collisions Elastic Collisions Two objects collide and then move separately Both Momentum and Kinetic Energy are Conserved m1v1i m2v2i m1v1 f m2v2 f KEi KE f 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 m1v1i m2v2i m1v1 f m2v2 f 2 2 2 2 Real World vs. Physics World In the real world, most collisions are neither elastic nor perfectly inelastic In physics world, we act as if they fall into one of the two categories Review Perfectly Inelastic Collision Stick together Momentum Conserved Kinetic Energy NOT Conserved Elastic Collision Bounce off Momentum Conserved Kinetic Energy Conserved