Download The Arab World - Cloudfront.net

• Take Out
– Workbook pages
– Notebook
• Today
– Something about the poster
– Notes
– The Crusades
• Who/what was the most powerful group in
feudal Europe? Why?
• Monarchs (Kings & Queens), Nobles,
Knights???
• THE CHURCH!
Role of Church in Middle Ages
• Never was there a
time when the
Church was so
powerful in Western
Civilization.
• The Church was led
by popes. Priests and
nuns converted, gave
care to people
Role of Church
• Monks were spiritual
leaders (obviously)
• They lived in
monasteries that
acted like trade
schools and YMCAs
Role of Church
• They spent years
transcribing the
Bible since the
printing press wasn’t
used in Europe yet.
Churches and Cathedrals during the
Middle Ages
Role of Church
• Since there were no
strong empires or
kingdoms the Church
was one organization
that had respect and
power.
• Popes were more
powerful than kings!
The Crusades
In the seventh century, Muslims conquered
Palestine.
E. Napp
Muslim Conquest
• In the seventh century, Muslims conquered
Palestine.
• Initially, the Muslim conquerors allowed Jews
and Christians to freely enter the Holy Land.
• As time passed, some Muslim rulers were less
tolerant.
Christians
wanted to visit
the land where
Jesus was born.
Rumors and Intolerance
• As the years passed, reports spread that some
Muslims had killed Christian pilgrims and
destroyed churches.
• European Christians were also increasingly
intolerant of Muslims controlling the Holy
Land.
• As tensions increased, war seemed inevitable.
In 1095,
Pope Urban II
called for
a crusade, or
war, against
the Muslims.
Crusades
• The Crusades were a
series of battles
between Christians and
Muslims in the Middle
East.
• Christian knights
wanted to take the Holy
Land and give it back to
Christians
Why was Constantinople so important
geographically?
Crusades
• Thousands of knights
and “barbarian”
soldiers united under
Christianity attacked
Muslims and Jews in
Turkey and Jerusalem to
gain the land for
Christians.
The Crusades
• There were a total of 7 Crusades
• First Crusade began in 1059; 9 last one ends in 1272
• Crusaders marched to Constantinople killing and
looting along the way
• Crusaders take Jerusalem in 1099
• Need Second Crusade to hold it
• Jerusalem falls to Muslims in 1187
• Fourth Crusade to retake; sack Constantinople
The Arab World
The Arab world was relatively peaceful and civilized at the time.
•An Arab gentleman was expected to be a…
• poet
•philosopher
•and a warrior.
•Jerusalem itself was a multicultural city.
•Jews, Muslims and Christians all lived together harmoniously.
•Christians on pilgrimages to Jerusalem were freely allowed across to
the Holy Places
•When the Crusades arrived in Northern Turkey, the carnage began.
•Lycea was captured and looted.
•babies cut to pieces;
•old people were tortured.
•Unfortunately, most of the inhabitants of Lycea were actually
Christians…
• Take Out
– Notebook
– Color Pencils
• Today
– Notes
In the end . . .
• After a couple centuries of warring over the
Holy Land, Muslims retain control
• BUT, a great deal has changed
Impact of the Crusades
• Persecution of Jews
and Muslims
• Economic
development via
trade
• Growth of cities and
towns
• Kings and popes,
gained power as a
result.
Trade
• The crusades (re)connected the Eastern and
Western worlds
• Ships took knights to the middle east &
brought back goods
• Perfumes, spices, jewels, silk, dyes, etc. from
the east
• Salt & wool from the west
• As the armies marched throughout countries,
they required replenishment of supplies
Banking
• Increase in trade increases dependency on
money
• Money lending forbidden by the Catholic Church
• One of the few jobs open
to Jews
• By the 15th century, seeing
that lending money can
be a lucrative practice,
the Church changes their
position
Towns & cities
• Towns grow amidst increased trade & wealth
• Homes are build upward
– Each story would hang over the one below
• Few towns during the 14th & 15th centuries
had adequate drainage systems
• Polluted drinking water – people drank beer,
wine, & ale
• Garbage and waste spread disease
**NOT MEDIEVAL EUROPE
• Many serfs were earning
freedom for their
service
Effects of the Crusades
Economic Changes
• Historic evidence of trade between Muslims, Byzantines, Europeans prior to
Crusades
• Crusades enhanced existing trade
• Returning Crusaders brought more goods, spices, textiles, to Europe
• Increase in trade added to changing European economy during Middle Ages
Political Changes
Social Changes
• Crusades led to deaths of many
knights, nobles
• Lands left vulnerable
• Other ambitious nobles took control of
unoccupied lands
• Nobles then had more power,
influence in Europe
• Some Europeans respected other
cultures, others intolerant
• Many viewed non-Christians as
enemies, persecuted Jews
• Holy Land Jews saw Crusaders as cruel
invaders
• Relations strained for centuries