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Crusades
14.1
How the Crusades got started:
• In 1093, the Byzantine Emperor
__________________________
sent an appeal to Robert, Count of
Flanders asking for help against the
________________________.
They were threatening to conquer
his capital,
______________________.
How the Crusades got started:
• Pope __________________
also read the letter. He issued a
call for what he termed a
“_______________”, a
________________, to gain
control of the
______________________.
How the Crusades got started:
• The Crusades had economic,
________________, &
political goals as well as
_________________
motives.
How the Crusades got started:
• What area did the Muslims control?
– Palestine {Holy Lands}
• What city were they threatening?
– Constantinople
How the Crusades got started:
• Who asked the
Christians to come fight
against the Muslims?
– Byzantine Emperor
Alexius Comnenus.
How the Crusades got started:
• What was the Pope’s goal?
– Wanted to reclaim Palestine & reunite
Christendom.
How the Crusades got started:
• Who saw the Crusades as an opportunity
to get rid of quarrelsome knights who
fought each other?
– Kings & the Church.
– These knights threatened the peace of the
kingdoms, as well as Church property.
How the Crusades got started:
• Who participated in the Crusades?
– Younger sons!!! They weren’t going to inherit
anything from their fathers!!!
• What were they looking for?
– They were looking for land and a position in
society & TREASURES!!!!
How the Crusades got started:
• How did some merchants profit off
the Crusades?
– They gave cash loans to finance the
Crusaders journey.
• Hoped to get big treasures in return!!!
When?
Why?
What happened?
Successful?
Outcome.
1097
To reclaim the
Holy Lands from
the Muslims.
They were not
prepared to fight
in the extreme
climate & harsh
geography. Only
¼ of the original
army made it to
the Holy Lands
{12,000 soldiers}.
YES!!!
07.15.1099:
Crusaders captured
Jerusalem.
Won a narrow strip of
land from Edessa to
Jerusalem.
Split the territory into
4 Crusader states
ruled by Feudal Lords.
When?
Why?
What happened?
Successful?
Outcome.
1144
Edessa was
reconquered by
the Turks.
Organized troops
to recapture
Edessa.
NO!!!!
Gained Nothing!!!!
When?
Why?
What happened?
Successful?
Outcome.
1187
• Jerusalem had fallen
to Muslim leader
Saladin.
• Crusaders led by
Philip II of France,
Frederick I of Germany,
& Richard the LionHearted of England.
• Philip went home,
Frederick drowned, so
Richard was left alone
to fight against Saladin.
TRUCE!!!
Richard agreed to
let Jerusalem stay
under Muslim
control, if Saladin
agreed to allow
unarmed
Christian pilgrims
the freedom to
visit Jerusalem’s
holy places.
When?
Why?
What happened?
Successful
?
Outcome.
1204
• Goal was to recapture
Jerusalem.
NO!!!
Knights did not
reach the Holy
Land. . . .
They ended up
looting the city of
Constantinople.
When?
Why?
What happened?
Successful
?
Outcome.
In the
1200’s.
• Goal was to recapture
Jerusalem {Holy Lands}
NO!!!
The religious
spirit of the 1st
Crusade faded,
and the search for
personal gain
grew.
When?
Why?
What happened?
Successful
?
Outcome.
1212
• Goal was to conquer
Jerusalem.
• There were 2:
France {30,000}
Germany {20,000}
• Thousands died in the
cold Alps.
• The Pope told them to
go home!!
• Only 2,000 survived.
NO!!!
Many young lives
lost.
Spanish Crusade
• Who controlled Spain until the
1100’s?
– Muslims {AKA Moors}.
Spanish Crusade
• What is the Reconquista?
– The long effort by the Spanish to drive
the Muslims out of Spain.
How the Crusades got started:
• By the 1400s, the Muslims held
only the tiny kingdom of
________________. In 1492, it
finally fell to the Christian army of
_______________ &
_____________, the Spanish
monarchs.
Spanish Crusade
• What did Isabella & Ferdinand use to unify
Spain under Christianity & to increase their
power?
– The Inquisition.
Explain the Inquisition:
• A court held by the church to suppress
heresy.
– Heretics were people whose religious beliefs
were different from Christianity.
• Many Jews & Muslims in Spain converted to
Christianity during the late 1400s.
• If you were suspected of being a heretic
then you were questioned for weeks and
even tortured.
– If found guilty you were burned at the stake.
Inquisition:
• Why did many Spanish people of
other faiths convert to Christianity?
• 1492: Monarchs expelled all
practicing Jews & Muslims from
Spain.