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The Crusades 18.2 Chapter 18 Section 2 • A series of wars between Christians and Muslims • Fought for control of Palestine [Holy Land] – Holy Land: land where Jesus lived, preached, and died Causes of Crusades • Christians no longer safe making pilgrimages • Turks attacked Byzantine Empire – Byzantines asked for help from the pope Call to Arms • Pope Urban II rallies Christians together – Saved their souls – Gain treasure – Adventure • Crusades is Latin for “marked with a cross” First Crusade • 1096- 5,000 soldiers left for the Holy Land – More peasants than soldiers – Stopped in Germany to attack the Jews • Most died before reaching Holy Land • 1099- Christians took the Holy Land – Muslims were surprised and unorganized – Christians set up the feudal system Other Crusades • Within 50 years Muslims started taking Christian land back • Third Crusade – King Richard I vs. Saladin • Lionheart won protection for the pilgrims • Lionheart never won Jerusalem Fourth Crusade • 1201- French left from Venice to sail to the Holy Land – Conquered Zara – Christians attacked Constantinople End of Crusades • Other crusades followed- none successful • 1291 Muslim armies took back ALL of the Holy Land Crusades Failed 1. 2. 3. 4. Traveled long distances Weren’t prepared to fight Outnumbered Christians fought themselves Changed Europe • Trade increased between Europe and Asia • European kings power increased • Jews distrusted Christians • Christians and Muslims – Muslims- unbelievers who threatened Christians – Christians- vicious invaders