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The Crusades
18.2
Chapter 18
Section 2
• A series of wars between Christians and
Muslims
• Fought for control of Palestine [Holy
Land]
– Holy Land: land where Jesus lived, preached,
and died
Causes of Crusades
• Christians no longer safe making
pilgrimages
• Turks attacked Byzantine Empire
– Byzantines asked for help from the pope
Call to Arms
• Pope Urban II rallies Christians together
– Saved their souls
– Gain treasure
– Adventure
• Crusades is Latin for “marked with a
cross”
First Crusade
• 1096- 5,000 soldiers left for the Holy
Land
– More peasants than soldiers
– Stopped in Germany to attack the Jews
• Most died before reaching Holy Land
• 1099- Christians took the Holy Land
– Muslims were surprised and unorganized
– Christians set up the feudal system
Other Crusades
• Within 50 years Muslims started taking
Christian land back
• Third Crusade
– King Richard I vs. Saladin
• Lionheart won protection for the pilgrims
• Lionheart never won Jerusalem
Fourth Crusade
• 1201- French left from Venice to sail to
the Holy Land
– Conquered Zara
– Christians attacked Constantinople
End of Crusades
• Other crusades followed- none successful
• 1291 Muslim armies took back ALL of
the Holy Land
Crusades Failed
1.
2.
3.
4.
Traveled long distances
Weren’t prepared to fight
Outnumbered
Christians fought themselves
Changed Europe
• Trade increased between Europe and
Asia
• European kings power increased
• Jews distrusted Christians
• Christians and Muslims
– Muslims- unbelievers who threatened
Christians
– Christians- vicious invaders