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The Role of Imperialism and Economics in The Colonization of The New World Imperialism Imperialism – is a type of competition; however it consists of competition involving the acquisition of land around the world. - There have been various competitors involved in the competition such as: Spain, Portugal, France, and England. - This competition has mainly been fueled by Economics. What is Economics? • Economics- is the study of choice under the condition of scarcity. • Scarcity- means that there is not an unlimited amount of an item • Name a few scarce resources. The Four Economic Resources • 1.) Natural Resources – Items from the earth such as: land, iron, oil, water, soil • 2.) Capital Resources – Something that is long lasting and is used to produce other goods (computer, pizza oven, power drill) • 3.) Human Resources – Relates to labor, which is the time human beings spend producing goods and services. • 4.) Entrepreneurship – An individual’s ability to apply all of these resources in order to create a successful business. Pictures of Resources (What Type Are They) How Are Economics and Imperialism Related??? • During the fifteenth century, several countries were in search of scarce resources such as silk, spices, gems, and tea. Later on they would be looking for human resources. • These countries such as Spain and Portugal wanted to originally take over an area called the Indies: India, China, & Japan. • These countries had a couple of choices: 1.) stay in their country; 2.) colonize the Indies. Continued • The countries chose to colonize the Indies in order to acquire scarce resources. • Opportunity Cost – refers to the second best alternative when we make a choice. The Discovery of A New Land • Since the countries decided to go with colonizing the Indies, they thought that they could find an alternate route that would be quicker. • They ended up discovering a brand new land known as the New World or America. Spain’s Claim To The New World • During the fifteenth century, Spain was interested in the Indies because of their resources • North and South America were not known to have existed at that time. • Spain and other countries wanted a direct route to the Indies so they could trade and acquire resources. Spain’s Claim To The New World • An Italian explorer named Columbus wanted to take the challenge and go to the Indies. • Columbus was financed by Queen Isabella & King Ferdinand of Spain. (Portugal denied his request) Christopher Columbus’ Routes Columbus (Cont.) • October 12, 1492, Columbus and his men reached land; they thought that they had reached the Indies. • Amerigo Vespucci – believed that Columbus found a New World • The New World that Columbus found was actually North America. What Island did he land on???? Prince Henry the Navigator • He was a Portuguese Royal Prince, soldier, and patron of explorers. • About 1418, Prince Henry started the first school for oceanic navigation along with an astronomical observatory – People were trained in nagivation, map-making, and science Spain vs. Portugal : Who Will Get The New World? • Portugal was also searching for an eastern route to the Indies. • Ferdinand Magellan, Prince Henry, & Vasco de Gama were all Portugese citizens looking for gold and spices. • Since both countries were Catholic and claimed the New World, Pope Alexander VI created the Line of Demarcation – Portugal would get all lands east of the line; Spain would get the land to the West. England joins the exploration race • English merchants wanted access to the New World • 1497 – John Cabot sailed from England to the northeastern coast of North America • 1498 – Second exploration possibly made it as far south as the Carolinas, Georgia or even northern Florida John Cabot’s route Vasco da Gama • Was from and sailed for Portugual • First to round the Cape of Good Hope (Southern Africa) Routes of Exploration God, Glory, & Gold • Spain had three motives in colonizing the New World: God, Glory, & Gold • Juan Ponce de Leon – Searched for riches and adventure, and a fountain of youth. He found a piece of land N. of Cuba (1513) • Leon named this land La Florida (Island of Flowers). Eight years later, Leon was killed by Native Americans in Florida. Juan Ponce de Leon Magellan circles the world • Ferdinand Magellan first explorer to CIRCUMNAVIGATE the world – That is to circle the globe • Go to “favorites” for map Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon • In 1504 Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon owned a plantation in Hispaniola. • When a lot of his slaves died, he was granted permission from the King of Spain to colonize La Florida. • July of 1526, 600 settlers set off for La Florida. First European Settlement in Ga. • They stopped near McIntosh Co., GA. • Set up the first Spanish colony in GA: San Miguel de Gualdape. • The colony was a disaster due to: cold weather, slave rebellions, Ayllon’s death, and Native resistance. Hernando de Soto Explores Ga. • Hernando de Soto – influential in the conquering of Peru, and gaining gold and silver. • King of Spain granted de Soto 18 months and 600 miles of land to explore Florida. • De Soto’s objectives were to acquire gold & conquer the natives. Hernando de Soto Explores Ga. • In 1540, De Soto and his men marched from Florida to Ga. • They encountered Mississippian Indians who were astonished at the guns, horses, and armor of the Spanish. • The expedition was a failure due to the lack of food and failure to find gold. (4 years) Hernando de Soto’s route The Fate of Georgia’s Natives • How did the Spanish colonists impact natives from GA? • 1.) Natives were forced into slavery. • 2.) Natives were killed and tortured. • 3.) Natives were involved in the Columbian Exchange – The exposure and exchange of deadly diseases. Giovanni de Verranzano • Verranzano was Italian but he explored for France – France claimed much of the southeast based on his findings • One of the first Europeans to explore the east coast Jean Ribault (France) • Jean Ribault (Jahn Re-bow) and 150 Huguenots (French Protestants) established Port Royal and built Charles Fort north of present-day Savannah – First European fort on North American mainland • Famine and other hardships forced them to abandon the settlement Pedro Mendez (Spain) • 1565 – Mendez and a large force of soldiers sent to drive out the French – Raid French Fort Caroline in Florida and execute the Huguenots • Establishes St. Augustine – Spain’s first successful settlement in N. America Guale & Mocoma • Missions (Churches) built to convert Indians to Christianity • Friars – Church missionaries • Area separated into – Guale (north) • between Savannah & Altamaha Rivers – Mocoma (south) • Between Altamaha & St. Mary’s River Sir Francis Drake • England wants land in America • English Captain Drake attacks & burns St. Augustine in 1586 – Fighting lasts for 20 years until Spain and England sign a peace treaty – England ready to claim land in America The End