Download Greece 1

Ancient
Greece 1
Black Sea
Aegean
Sea
Troy
Mycenae
Crete
Knossos
Greece
includes:
Mainland=Balkan
Peninsula
Islands in the
Aegean Sea
¾
of Greece is
mountains
This caused
agricultural problems
Communication was
difficult
Most
Greeks were
fisherman, sailors, traders
Trade led to cultural
diffusion
Minoans-
(2500-1400 BC)
Island of Crete
Main city--Knossos
Indoor bathrooms
Running water
Colored murals (frescoes)
http://www.econ.iastate.edu/classes/econ355/choi/images/cre124.jpg
http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/aegean/galleryimages/minoanimages.html

Strong navies to support trade

Worshipped bull & Earth goddess

Artist’s portrayal of Knossos
Mycenaeans
(1600-1200 BC)
Warring people
Bards--
storytellers
Greek alphabet
Linear B writing
Homer (700s BC) blind
poet 2 famous Greek
epics
1. Iliad
2. Odyssey
Greek Religion
 Polytheistic
1. Explained nature
2. Explained emotions
& behavior
3. Benefits---long life,
good harvest
 Zeus-
King of the
gods & god of
thunder
12 most
important gods
live on Mt.
Olympus
Poseidon-
God
of sea
Hades- Ruler of
Underworld
Hera- Goddess
of marriage &
childbirth,
jealous of Zeus
AthenaGoddess of
wisdom
 Apollo-
Sun god
 Aphrodite- Goddess of love &
beauty
 Hermes- Messenger for the
gods
 Every 4 years- Olympics
(religious festival in honor of
Zeus in Olympia)
•Polis: Greek
city-state
•Acropolis:
Hill where
temples &
public
buildings
were
The Acropolis
Agora=open-air
market
Commerce & politics
Citizens (free adult males) had political
rights
 Political rights were voting, holding
public office, & defending themselves in
court
 Women, slaves, & foreigners had no
political rights
 Slavery not based on race
 POWs or debt slaves

Hoplites
 Heavily
armed infantry (foot
soldiers)
 Shield, sword, & thrusting
spear (9 ft. long)
Greaves or leg
armor
Bronze Helmet
Round shield covered
with leather
Phalanx
Battle formation; wall
of shields
 Lack
of arable (fertile)
farmland led to
overcrowding
Greeks established
colonies
Spread Hellenic (Greek)
culture
Sparta
Patron
god = Ares, god
of war.
Sparta took over
neighbors; made them
slaves (helots)
 Children
seen as weak
were left on a hillside to
die
 Age 7- Boys start
military training (learning
to cheat, lie, & steal)
 Age
20- Military service
 Lived in the barracks until 30
 Age 30- Could vote
 Age 60- Retire from military
 Sparta would never surrender
or retreat
 Spartan
Women- Owned
land, trained in physical
fitness in order to bear
strong children,
especially sons.
 Married around age 19
Oligarchy:
Rule by
small group
2 Kings were in
charge of the army
Council of Elderslawmakers people
over 60 yrs old
Sparta-
Considered
backward &
uncultured
Athens
 Monarchy:
Rule by king
 Trade led to wealthy class
(Aristocrats)
 Aristocracy: Rule by upperclass
 Took advantage of poor
 Tyranny:
Rule by 1 person
(not always bad)
 Draco: Athens's 1st written
law code very harsh
 Solon: “so long to debt
slavery”
TURNED ATHENS
INTO DEMOCRACY!!!
 CleisthenesCouncil
of 500- propose laws
The Assembly- pass laws
 Democracy: Rule in which
people vote
 Direct Democracy: Vote on laws
 Ostracism:
The Assembly
could wrote names on broken
pottery
 Anyone named 6,000 times =
banned from Athens for 10 yrs
Trade- Grapes & olives
 Women couldn’t own property &
had male guardian
 Boys were educated to participate
in politics
 Aristocrats-Cavalry
 Farmers-Foot soldiers

Persian War
 499 B.C. Greek
colonies in Ionia
rebel against
Persia
 Athens sent troops
 Persian King
Darius wanted
revenge (didn’t like
Athens meddling
in their affairs)
Marathon
Battle
north of Athens (490
BC)
Greeks win!
 Pheidippides ran to Athens
 Yelled “Nenikékamen,”
(Nike=Victory) & died from
exhaustion
Nike
 Winged
goddess of victory, strength,
& speed
480
B.C.: Xerxes sent
force to Greece
Persian War united
Greek city-states for
1st time
 Narrow
mountain pass
 250,000 Persians vs.
7,000 Greeks
 When defeat is
imminent, Spartans
order others to leave
 Spartans
betrayed
by local resident
who led Persians
behind mountain
 Spartans won time
for Athens to build
navy defense at
Salamis
•Persians marched south
after victory & destroyed
Athens
•Salamis: Persian ships
attacked the Athenian navy
near the island
• Smaller Greek ships
destroyed bigger Persian
ships
Delian
League:
Military alliance
headed by Athens to
get rid of Persian
threat
Pericles-
brought Golden
Age to Athens (460 to 429
B.C.)
Gave salaries to men who
held public office; this
allowed poor to serve
Pericles rebuilt the city
 The
Parthenon built on the
Acropolis in Athens; temple to
Athena
The Peloponnesian War
Greeks
resented Athenian
domination
Sparta & other enemies of
Athens formed
Peloponnesian League.
A 27 year war broke out from 431
B.C.-404 B.C.
 Plague
killed 1/3 of
Athens
 Sparta allied with Persia
 404 B.C. Spartans
captured Athens