Download The Expansion of Greece

The Expansion of Greece
CH 5 section 5
Chapter Review
• The Olympic games were held every 4
years in honor of who?
• Who wrote the first Athenian law code?
• Who made sure the king stayed within the
law?
• What is the name of the male slave that
taught boys manners?
• What is carving small flat plots of land on
hillsides?
The Persian Wars
• The Persians were taking over Asia and moved
into Asia Minor taking control over the Greeks
who had settled the region
• In 500 BC the Greeks in Asia Minor rebelled
against the Persians
• Athens helped these city-states in their rebellion
beginning a series of wars between Athens and
Persia known as the Persian Wars
• Darius the Persian leader easily crushed the
Greek uprising
The Persian Wars
• {Started when Athens helped Greek city-states
in Asia minor during an uprising}
• To punish Athens he invaded Greece
• Though outnumbered at the Battle of Marathon
the Athenians defeated the Persians
• The Battle of Marathon also gave rise to the
legend that the Athenian herald Pheidippides ran
from the battlefield to Athens to announce the
Greek victory before dropping dead. This run is
the basis for the modern track and field event.
• Peace lasted 10 Years
Xerxes
• Son of Darius
• In 480 BC led another army and naval fleet
against the Greeks
• This time several Greek City-states united to
stop them
• They forced them to pass through a narrow
passage in the north called the hot gates
• Battle of Thermopylae 300 Spartans and some
soldiers from Athens met the Persians and held
for 3 days
The Hot Gates
• The Spartans were betrayed by Ephialtes who
showed the Persians a goat pass through the
mountain that allowed the Persians to surround
the Greeks
• The Spartans refused to surrender and all of
them were killed
• This bought the other city-states time to prepare
their troops
• Themistocles (Athens Leader) encouraged
Athenians to leave the city which the Persians
later destroyed
• {Themistocles Sank much of the Persian fleet at
the Salamis Strait which was too narrow for the
Persian Navy}
Xerxes
Persian War Finale
• The Persian Navy was larger than the Greeks,
but the Greek ships were more maneuverable
• In the narrow strait the Greeks sank much of the
Persian fleet
• The Athenians and Spartans joined forces at
Plataea to stop the Persians
• This brought an end to the Persian wars
• The Greeks rebuilt their cities and were able to
build an empire in the Aegean sea
• The Persians continued to invade Greek
Results of the Persian wars
• Threat of invasion from the Persians still existed
• The Spartans wanted Greek unity under their
own leadership, but they feared a helot uprising
and never sent their troops out for long
• Athens created the {Delian League an alliance
of city-states with Athens as the leader
• Over 140 Other city-states contributed money or
ships for protection
• Pericles used the money for the good of Athens
which caused resentment}
Age of Pericles
• The leader of Athens and was a great general,
orator and statesman
• He helped Athens reach the peak of its power
and wealth
• He made changes that allowed Athens to
achieve truer democracy
• Office holders in Govt. were paid a salary
• He strengthened and extended the empire that
Athens built
• Kept the Persians out oh the Aegean sea
Age of Pericles
• The Athenian system of weights and measures
became the standard throughout the Empire
• He brought stability and prosperity throughout
the Eastern Mediterranean
• However the members of the Delian league
received these benefits but lost some
independence
• The Government in Athens was democratic but
they forced their decisions on the other citystates
• They occasionally had to send in troops to put
down rebellions
(Cimon was an Athenian General)
Peloponnesian War
• Sparta Vs Athens
• Both were young city-states and had been rivals
for years
• Sparta with the stronger army started the fighting
by invading the Attic peninsula
• Athenians withdrew behind the walls of Athens
their navy was strong enough to get food into
Athens
• This meant that the Spartans were not able to
starve Athens out
• The siege continued for years and plague broke
out killing many Athenians including Pericles
Peloponnesian War continued
• The fighting was on and off for the next 27 years
with periods of peace
• {Sparta gets help from the Persians blocked the
food supply and finally starves Athens into
surrendering}
• This resulted in an unstable Greece in which the
Spartans then Thebes tried to control all of
Greece
• They were defeated and the wars between the
city-states continued
Section Review
• When did the Persian war start for
Athens?
• Who sank much of the Persian fleet at the
Salamis Strait which was too narrow for
the Persian Navy?
• What did Pericles do that caused
resentment?
• In the Peloponnesian war who got help
from the Persians?
The End?
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