Download Glorifying Athens

5.3 Democracy and Greece’s
Golden Age, the Peloponnesian
War, and Philosophy
Mrs. Valli
Post-Persian War
Athens
• After defeating the Persians at Salamis,
Themistocles came home a war hero.
– Themistocles:
• Supported by the Athenians lower class
• Didn’t see eye to eye with Athenian nobility
• Convinced Athens it was necessary to build
navy and fortify city
Themistocles is Ostracized
Pericles (think “IS GO”)
- Influential
Statesman
- General
- Orator
(public
speaker)
Pericles’ Three Goals for Athens
• Stronger Democracy
– Increased paid officials
– Direct democracy
(most adult males had a vote)
• Hold & Strengthen Athenian Empire
– 200 ship navy strongest in the Mediterranean
• Glorifying Athens
– Used Delian League
– Rebuilt Athens after Persian War (Parthenon is an
example of reconstruction)
TALK TO A NEIGHBOR
What were Pericles’ three goals for Athens and how
did he accomplish them?
1) Goal: Create a stronger democracy
-Increased the number of paid public jobs so poor could hold office
-Promoted direct democracy so all adult male citizens could vote
2) Goal: Hold & Strengthen Athenian Empire
-Took $ from Delian League to build Athens’ navy
3) Goal: Glorify Athens
-Rebuilt Athens (Parthenon is an example)
HOME
3
Democracy and
Greece’s Golden Age
Section
3
Assessment
1. List Pericles’ three goals for Athens. Give at least
one example for each.
Pericles’ Goals
Strengthen Athens’
democracy:
Increased number of
paid officials,
increased citizen
participation
Hold and strengthen
empire:
Built navy through
Delian League’s funds,
protected overseas
trade
Glorify Athens:
Hired artists, built
architectural
projects and the
Parthenon
continued . . .
Parthenon (Pericles’ “Big Project”)
-located on Athens’ Acropolis
-purpose was to glorify Athens
-served as a place for ritual and ceremony
A gold
statue of
Athena is
found
inside the
Parthenon
TALK TO A NEIGHBOR
Where was the Parthenon located?
Athens’ Acropolis
What purpose does the Parthenon serve?
A place for rituals and ceremonies
What is the Parthenon an example of?
Pericles’ goal of glorifying Athens
GREEK COLUMNS
TALK TO A NEIGHBOR
Which column seems:
(1) The simplest?
Doric
(2)The most elaborate?
Corinthian
(3) What’s the Parthenon? Doric
Setting the Stage…
Under Pericles, Athens
experienced a growth in
intellectual and artistic
learning. The artistic and
literary legacies of this time
continue to inspire and
instruct people around the
world.
Greek Styles in Art
• Classical Art: graceful, strong, and perfectly
formed
• Sculpture
– Phidias created Athena statue, which can be
found in Parthenon
Greek Drama
• Built first theaters in the west
Tragedy & Comedy
A serious drama about common
themes: love, hate, war, betrayal
Slapstick situations and crude
humor
Famous Tragedy (dramatist) Writers:
Aeschylus – Trilogy (The Oresteia)
Sophocles – 100 plays (Oedipus Rex- the
story of a cursed king and his troubled
family)
Euripides – Sympathetic portrayals of
women (Medea)
TALK TO YOUR NEIGHBOR
What is a tragedy?
A serious drama about common themes
such as love, hate, war and betrayal
What is a comedy?
A slapstick situation, usually with crude
humor
The Delian League
• Who: some Greek City-States, led by
Athens
• What: An alliance formed to prevent
foreign invasion
• Where: Originally met on island of Delos
but then Pericles convinced members to
move meetings and the treasury to Athens
Who fought?
1. Delian League: Athens and
other small city states that
supported democracy
2. Peloponnesian League :
Sparta and other city states
that supported an oligarchy.
Causes
• After the Persian War tension was
building for years
• Athens had supreme power and others
resented them
• Basically, there was competition for
the Greek world
Athens vs Sparta
• Athens = strongest • Sparta = strongest
land power in
sea power in
Greece
Greece
TALK TO YOUR NEIGHBOR
True or False, Athens was the
strongest sea power in both the
Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian
War?
True or False, Sparta was the
strongest land power in both the
Persian Wars and the Peloponnesian
War?
T
T
Spartans
Athens
Who Won?
How Did Sparta Win?
• Sparta was located inland so it could
not be attacked from the sea
• Athens could be attacked by sea and
land
• Athens tried to move its people
behind the acropolis and plague
broke out = weakened Athens (about
1/3 of population, including Pericles,
died)
QUICK, tell your neighbor why Sparta won…
Acropolis
Effects of the Peloponnesian
Wars
• Ended the reign of Athenian greatness
• Corruption replaced good citizenship
– People lost faith in democracy
• Sparta is taken over by Thebes
• Macedonia becomes the next great
power
To Sum: cultural advancements lessen
and political power weakens
TABLE WORK
• Work with all members at your table to
come up with a trick to remember the
“effects of the Peloponnesian war.”
• Be QUICK, you got 2 minutes!
• GO!
philosophy
Believed in 2 major principles:
-The world was put
together in a logical
way
-People could
understand the world
with logic and reason
“SPA” = Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
• Socrates:
– Encouraged Greeks to question themselves and their morals
– Sought the truth through a series of questions and answers
– Was put on trial & sentenced to death for corrupting
Athens’ youth; Socrates drank poison and died
• Plato:
– Wrote “The Republic”, which talked about a perfectly
governed society
– Founded the “Academy”
• Aristotle:
– Alexander the Great’s teacher
– Provided basis for the scientific method
– Questioned the nature of the world and of human beliefs
Close
Work with your tablemates to answer the
following questions. We will discuss orally
after we watch 3 short movies.
• Explain what life was like during Greece’s
Golden Age.
• Explain how the philosophers affected
democracy in Greece.
• Explain the causes of the Peloponnesian
War.