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City States and Greek Culture What is a polis? Towns joined with nearby villages and farms forming a city-state, or polis. What did the Greeks build to protect themselves from invaders? Greek communities built forts on the tops of hills to protect themselves from invaders. Later the fortress, or acropolis, became the center for daily life in many city-states. What happened in an agora? What type of government did early city-states have? People met in the open market, or agora, to exchange goods, news and ideas. A king, or tyrant, ruled each city-state and made all of the political decisions. Sparta •Located in southern Peloponnesus. What are some characteristics of Sparta? •Used military strength to rule. They lived in fear that the slaves, helots, would rebel. •Boys left their families at 7 years of age for the military. Boys continued to train until they were 18 and had to serve until they were 30. •Girls stayed at home and learned to manage the household. They were encouraged to play sports. •Spartans were not allowed to travel outside of Sparta, and trading was discouraged for fear of “unwanted change”. •Ephors and senators held most governing power in Sparta. This rule by a small group is called an oligarchy. Athens •Athens required men to serve in the army only in times of war. What are some characteristics of Athens? •Athens had a democracy, or rule by the people. All decisions were made by majority rule. •Athenian democracy did not include everyone. Only men, over 20, that were citizens, could participate in the government or vote. •Encouraged new ideas, thinking, art, travel, theater. Greek Identity How did the Greeks identify themselves? What connection did all Greek citystates have? Greeks identified themselves by their citystate rather than their country. They did feel a cultural identity with one another. •All were descendants of Hellenmythological hero. •Shared religion •Olympics •Common written/spoken language