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Chapter 8 Database Applications and Implications Topics The Electronic File Cabinet: Database Basics Beyond the Basics: Database Management Systems No Secrets: Computers and Privacy A look at Microsoft Access “The goal is information at your fingertips.” Bill Gates The Electronic File Cabinet: Database Basics Database software is… application software (like word processing and spreadsheet software) designed to maintain databases (collections of information) A Database is… a collection of information stored in an organized form on a computer What Good Is a Database? An electronic database allows you to: store large quantities of information retrieve information quickly organize and reorganize information print and distribute information in a variety of ways Database Anatomy A database is a collection of one or more database files A file is a collection of related information (records) Database Anatomy A record is the information relating to one person, product, or event A field is a discrete chunk of information in a record Database Anatomy The view is a display of the information in fields based on a particular layout of field data. List View Form View Database Operations These operations are used to manipulate the information in the database: Import: receives data in the form of text files Browse: navigates through information Query: finds records that match a specific criteria Sort: rearranges records (alpha or numerically) Report: printout of an ordered list of records Beyond the Basics: Database Management Systems Database Management Systems (DBMS) is a program or system of programs that can manipulate data in a large collection of files redundant information is stored as a key field different users see different points of view may be interactive What Makes a Database Relational? A database is relational when files are related to each other, such as this Student ID field in the Student file. The Privacy Problem More than 15,000 specialized marketing databases contain 2 billion names. These databases contain characteristics like age, income, religion, and even sexual preference. Rules of Thumb: Your Private Right Your social security number is yours – don’t give it away Say no to direct mail and phone solicitations, sharing of personal information, and pollsters Know your electronic rights Big Brother and Big Business Government uses record matching to locate criminals ranging from tax evaders to mass murderers. Credit bureaus collect information about us and allow us to borrow money where ever we go. Big Brother and Big Business With the increased amount of information available: Data errors are common Data can become nearly immortal Data isn’t secure A look at Microsoft Access An Access database consists of 7 objects. The object selected on the left side of the screen has corresponding elements on the right side of the screen. Tables The fundamental structure of the database. The Datasheet view looks much like a spreadsheet. Use for data entry (Datasheet View) Use for Data design (Design View) Other Objects Queries: used for finding data or answering questions about the data base. Forms: a direct link to a table. Provides a friendlier user interface for entering or editing data. Allows users to view one record at a time. Reports: used to summarize the data for printing or for presentation purposes. Other Objects (continued) Pages: creates Web pages for viewing or editing the data online. Macros: used to automate tasks. Modules: programs in Visual Basic to customize the database