Download study guide for quarterly four – final exam

STUDY GUIDE FOR BIOLOGY QUARTERLY FOUR – FINAL EXAM
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Review MCAS study guide
Review all old study guides
Review all old tests
Chemistry
 Elements common to Organic Molecules
 Examples, Structures and Functions of the FOUR biological molecules
 Describe enzyme structure and function and what will affect the activity of the
enzyme.
Cells
 Differences and Similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
 Organelles: structure and function
 Different forms of cell transport including energy, concentration gradients
 Stages of the Cell Cycle, order, what happens in each
 Overview of and stages of Mitosis, order and what happens in each
 Overview of and stages of Meiosis, order and what happens in each
 Similarities and Differences between Mitosis and Meiosis
 Structure of a virus and why some don’t consider them living
Energy
 Basic process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration
 Formulas for photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Genetics
 Structure of DNA and base pairing rules
 What happens in replication?
 What happens in protein synthesis and in each stage: transcription and
translation
 Similarities and Differences between DNA and RNA
 Describe a mutation and distinguish between chromosomal and point
mutations
 Terms with Mendelian genetics: homozygous, heterozygous, dominant,
recessive, alleles, genotype, phenotype
 How to set up and carry out a Punnett Square
Anatomy and Physiology
 Structure levels (cell  organism/body in order)
 Basics of Skeletal system and what do bones do?
 Basics of Muscular system and what can muscles do?
 Structure and Function of organs in digestive system and where absorption,
mechanical and chemical digestion occur; what different types of enzymes
do; what is peristalsis
 Basic structure and function of excretory system and organs involved in
excretion
 Basic structure and function of nervous system including the structure and
function of neurons and overview of the CNS and PNS
 Basics of endocrine system
 Basics of reproductive system including: sex cells, fertilization
 Basics of circulatory system including: organs, vessels, pathways and
structure of the heart
 Basics of the respiratory system including structures, pathway and exchange
of air
Evolution
 How did Darwin develop theory of Natural Selection
 What is the inheritance of acquired characteristics and why does it not work
 Describe and give examples of natural selection; know how evolution can
occur
 Know and explain forms of evidence for evolution: fossils, homologous traits,
vestigial structures, embryology, comparing macromolecules
 Distinguish between coevolution, convergent evolution, divergent evolution
 What is speciation and what types of isolation can lead to speciation
 What is taxonomy?
 Binomial nomenclature rules
 Order of 7 levels of taxonomic classification from levels of inclusiveness
 Differences in domains and kingdoms
Ecology
 Levels of ecological organization from organism  biome
 Energy flows in a system, food chains, food webs, trophic levels
 Differences between autotrophs, heterotrophs, decomposers, herbivores,
carnivores, omnivores, producers, consumers and levels of consumers
 Different types of symbioses: predation, competition, parasitism, mutualism,
commensalisms
 Basics of water cycle, nitrogen cycle, carbon cycle
 Population changes: births and deaths; emigration and immigration
 Difference between density dependent limiting factor and density independent
limiting factor
 Factors that effect birth and death rates