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Transcript
CELLS Structure & Function Review The ___________ is thebasic unit cell of life. Robert Hooke was the first person ____________ to see “cells” under the microscope. What is the function of the cell membrane? Controls what enters or leaves cell; When DNA is spread out in the nucleus of a cell of non-dividing cells chromatin it is called ____________. In 1855 German physician Rudolf Virchow __________________________ saw dividing cells and reasoned that cells come from existing cells. What is the function of mitochondria? Burn glucose and store energy as ATP prokaryotes Bacteria are ______________ prokaryotes eukaryotes This storage space is a ___________. vacuole Tell two of the parts of the cell theory. *All living things are made of cells. *Cells are the basic units of structure & function in an organism * Cells are produced from existing cells. Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function organelle In 1838 a botanist named ___________________________ Matthias Schleiden concluded that ALL PLANTS are made of cells. What does the nucleolus make? ribosomes Tell which part does it? Mitochondria Burns glucose ____________________ Controls what enters Cell membrane or leaves the cell ___________________ Pulls chromosomes Centrioles during cell division __________________ Digests unwanted Lysosomes substances or cell parts _______________ Ribosomes Makes proteins ______________________ Nucleus Contains chromatin ___________________ eukaryote An animal cell is a ____________. prokaryote eukaryote This organelle is the ____________ Rough ER http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html Dutch microscope maker who 1st saw living cells. Anton van Leeuwenhoek Name an organelle that assists in movement. Cilia or flagella This storage space is larger in plants than animals. vacuole Molecule that provides the energy for active transport ATP Cells that have a cell membrane but NOT a nuclear membrane are ________________ prokaryotes Organelle that acts as the cell’s control center. nucleus Cell membranes are made of these 2 main kinds of molecules. Phospholipids & proteins Name another kind of molecule that could also be found in an animal cell membrane Steroids(lipids) OR glycoproteins Dark spot in the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are made. nucleolus Membranes that allow certain molecules to pass through and not others are said to be ___________________ Selectively OR semi- permeable. Programmed cell death or “cell suicide” for the good of the organism Apoptosis ribosomes Proteins are made on the __________ in a cell. In what kind of cell would you expect to see chromatin? Non-dividing dividing non-dividing Thylakoid stacks would be seen inside chloroplasts _____________________ Mitochondria Golgi bodies chloroplasts Cell organelles that burn glucose and store energy as ATP. mitochondria This structure flagellum is a __________ Name an organelle that is made of microtubules Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, OR centrioles An membrane protein with carbohydrates attached to its surface that functions in cell identification is called a glycoprotein ____________________ Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has DNA Mitochondria OR chloroplasts Tell one difference between cilia and flagella. Cilia- several, shorter Flagella-one or two, longer Tell which part does it? Makes lipids ER for membranes smooth ____________________ Makes ATP ___________________ Mitochondria Spread out DNA __________________ chromatin Modifies & transports proteins made on its Rough ER ribosomes ________________________ Regulates calcium levels Smooth ER in muscle cells ________________ Supports and protects Cell wall plant cells ___________________ Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached is called rough ER. _________ Membrane bound sac that contains digestive enzymes. lysosome This organelle makes ATP. mitochondrion Because the phospholipids in a cell membrane form 2 layers it is called a _____________. bilayer Tell one way plant cells are different from animal cells. Plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells don’t. Plants have larger vacuoles. Plants have chloroplasts and animal cells don’t Called the “power plant” of the cell because it makes energy mitochondrion Tell one way bacteria are different from animal cells. Bacteria don’t have a nuclear membrane and animal cells do. Bacteria have a cell wall and animal cells don’t. This organelle contains the molecules for photosynthesis. chloroplast smooth ER does NOT have _________ ribosomes attached The _______________ is made of cytoskeleton microfilaments and microtubules and helps the cell to maintain its shape. The yellow part of this phospholipid molecule stays on the outside of the bilayer next to the water environment because it is ______________. polar polar nonpolar What is the job of the ribosomes? Make proteins Pancake-like stack of membranes that modify, sort, &package substances for transport. Golgi body Name a cell part that has this 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules Cilia OR flagella Organelle in a plant or animal cell that contains the cell’s genetic material. nucleus The folded inner membrane in the mitochondria which help to increase the surface area for chemical reactions is called the _______________. cristae Ribosomes are made of Protein RNA __________ & __________ Tell which part does it? Contains genetic info __________________ nucleus cytoskeleton Give cell shape/support ____________ Few, long structures flagella for locomotion __________________ Provide more surface cristae area inside mitochondria _________________ chloroplast Place for photosynthesis __________________ vacuole Large storage space ___________________ What is the function of the Rough ER? Modify and transport molecules made by its ribosomes This organelle is a _____________ Golgi Body http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.htm eukaryote A plant cell is a ______________. prokaryote eukaryote Tell one way plant cells and animal cells are alike. Both are eukaryotes. Both have a nuclear & cell membrane. Have most of same organelles (except cell wall and chloroplast) The many short structures on the top of this cell are __________ cilia Cells that have a nuclear membrane are called ________________ eukaryotes The organelle that regulates calcium in muscle cells, makes lipids for membranes, and breaks down toxins in liver cells is the ____________________ Smooth ER The cytoskeleton is made of Microfilaments & ______________ microtubules ______________ The blue part of this phospholipid molecule stays inside away from water because it is ______________. Non polar polar nonpolar In 1839 a Zoologist named Theodor Schwann _________________________ concluded that ALL ANIMALS are made of cells What do ribosomes make? proteins A B C D E A = ________________ Cell membrane Rough ER B = ________________ nucleus C = ________________ Golgi Body D= _________________ Mitochondrion E= __________________ Tell which part does it? Mitochondria Makes ATP ____________________ Controls what enters nuclear envelope or leaves the nucleus _________________ Cilia or flagella Help cell move __________________ Modify, sort, & package Golgi bodies substances for transport _________________ nucleolus Makes ribosomes ______________________ Nucleus Control center of cell ___________________ Put in order of increasing size: Organ cell organ system organism tissue organ tissue cell _______ _________ _________ Organ system ______________ organism _____________ True or False Bacteria don’t have a CELL membrane. FALSE; All cells have a cell membrane on the outside Name one of the functions of Smooth ER Make lipids for membranes, regulate calcium levels, Break down toxic substances Name an organelle besides the cell nucleus that has its OWN DNA Mitochondria OR chloroplasts A group of cells that work together to carry out a specific function are called tissue a _______________ True or False Bacteria don’t have ribosomes. False; Yes, they do Ribosomes aren’t made of membranes True or False Plant cells don’t have centrioles True; at least we can’t see them Name an organelle besides the cell nucleus that is surrounded by a DOUBLE membrane Mitochondria OR chloroplasts A group of organs that work together to carry out a specific function are called an _______________ Organ system Centrioles are only seen in __________________________ cells. Dividing animal You would expect to see cristae inside a ________________ mitochondrion Cells that need a lot of energy probably have a lot of ______________ mitochondria Golgi bodies Smooth ER mitochondria centrioles Endoplasmic reticulum without ribosomes attached is called _____________________ Smooth ER The difference in the concentration of molecules across a space is called a Concentration gradient ______________________ This cell is in a _______________ isotonic solution. Stay the same size It will probably ________________ shrink swell & burst stay the same size This cell is in a _______________ hypertonic solution. Shrink It will probably ________________ shrink swell & burst stay the same size This cell is in a _______________ hypotonic solution. swell and burst It will probably ________________ shrink swell & burst stay the same size When you sit in the bathtub, your fingers get wrinkly because of the water entering your skin cells. The bathtub water is a ____________ hypotonic solution compared to your skin cells Hypotonic isotonic hypertonic This type of transport is called endocytosis _______________ http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html ACTIVE transport can move ____________ molecules AGAINST the concentration gradient. Active Passive When you mix iodine starch with ____________ you will see a black/purple color change. The shrinking of plant cells in a HYPERTONIC solution is called plasmolysis ______________ This cell is in a HYPOTONIC _______________ solution. hypotonic isotonic hypertonic Passive transport does ___________ NOT require energy to move molecules. Kind of transport used by ions like Ca+ + , Cl - , Na+ , and K + to move across cell membranes Ion channels (Na+ and K + can also move by the Na+ - K + pump) The proteins in a cell membrane that help move molecules across the membrane are called __________ carrier proteins. What keeps plant cells from undergoing bursting in hypotonic environments? _____________ Cell wall is sturdy & holds shape Name a kind of transport that uses carrier proteins to help molecules move across membranes Facilitated diffusion, ion channels, OR Na+-K+ pump Name the 4 kinds of passive transport Diffusion facilitated diffusion Osmosis ion channels A membrane that lets certain molecules pass through and not others is called _______________ Semi permeable OR selectively permeable http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg Name a kind of transport that uses vesicles to move substances across a membrane Pinocytosis, phagocytosis, Exocytosis, endocytosis Name the kind of transport that moves WATER across cell membranes OSMOSIS There are fewer molecules in fresh water than in the bodies of animals that live in there. What will happen to this freshwater fish? Freshwater fish live in a HYPOtonic environment. Water will move INTO the fish and it must urinate frequently to maintain its water balance. (HOMEOSTASIS) Diffusion continues until the concentration of molecules is equal throughout the space. This is called equilibrium ___________________ http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm Which organelle makes the ATP used to run the Na + -K+ pump? mitochondria Type of endocytosis in which cells take in small molecules or fluids pinocytosis The white circles stand for oxygen molecules. Use what you know about diffusion of molecules to predict which way the oxygen will move. From the lungs into the blood The type of transport that moves substances OUT of cells is called exocytosis ______________ The energy for active transport comes from this molecule ATP This cell is in a __________________ isotonic solution. It will probably __________________ stay the same size Undergo cytolysis Undergo plasmolysis stay the same size The pressure of water exerts in a cell during osmosis is called ________________ OSMOTIC pressure. LABEL THE DIAGRAMS; HYPERTONIC ISOTONIC HYPOTONIC Putting plant cells into a HYPOTONIC solution will cause water to ____________________________________ Enter cell enter cell leave cell increase in This will cause a(n) ___________ osmotic pressure. Putting plant cells into a HYPERTONIC solution will cause water to ____________________________________ Leave cell enter cell leave cell decrease in This will cause a(n) ___________ osmotic pressure. Name the Cell GUY German physician who saw dividing cells and concluded Rudolf Virchow all cells come from existing cells _____________ German botanist who concluded all plants are Matthias Schleiden made of cells ___________________ Dutch microscope maker Anton van Leeuwenhoek who 1st saw living cells __________________ Name the Cell GUY German zoologist who concluded all animals Theodor Schwann are made of cells _______________________ English scientist who 1st saw “little boxes” in cork and called them cells ___________________ Robert Hooke Tell if the transport is ACTIVE or PASSIVE PASSIVE Facilitated diffusion ___________________ PASSIVE Osmosis ____________________ Na + - K+ pump ____________________ ACTIVE Diffusion ____________________ PASSIVE Endocytosis _______________________ ACTIVE ACTIVE Exocytosis ________________________ PASSIVE Ion channels ________________________ Tell if the transport uses Vesicles Carrier proteins Needs NO HELP Carrier protein Facilitated diffusion ___________________ Needs no help Osmosis ____________________ Na + - K+ pump ____________________ Carrier protein Diffusion ____________________ Needs no help Vesicle Endocytosis _______________________ vesicle Exocytosis ________________________ Carrier protein Ion channels ________________________ Match the picture with the kind of transport http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/voltgate.htm Ion channel Membrane proteins make a passageway through the membrane for ions Name a substance that in transported in this way Cl- , Ca+ + , Na+ or K + ions Match the picture with the kind of transport Molecules move across membrane without help from carrier proteins or vesicles If the molecule moving is oxygen or carbon dioxide this would be called ____________________ diffusion If the molecule moving is water this osmosis would be called __________________ Match the picture with the kind of transport http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm Na+ - K + pump Energy from ATP is used to move Na + ions OUT OF and K + ions INTO the cell Name a substance that in transported in this way + + Na or K ions Match the picture with the kind of transport ENDOCYTOSIS Substance is transported INTO cell inside a vesicle If what is moving into the cell are small molecules or fluids this would be called __________________ PINOCYTOSIS Match the picture with the kind of transport http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html EXOCYTOSIS INSIDE CELL OUTSIDE CELL Substance in put in a Vesicle and transported up to the cell membrane and released OUTSIDE Name an organelle that uses this kind of transport Golgi Bodies Match the picture with the kind of transport http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/facdifan.gif Facilitated diffusion Carrier protein grabs molecule, changes shape, and flips it to the other side Name a molecule that moves into cells this way glucose Match the picture with the kind of transport http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html ENDOCYTOSIS Substance is transported INTO cell inside a vesicle If the green square above is a large molecule or a whole cell this would be called __________________ PHAGOCYTOSIS Tell the kind of transport used by each Glucose ___________________ Facilitated diffusion Oxygen & carbon dioxide _______________ Simple diffusion Na + and K+ ions ____________________ Na + – K+ pump Ion channels Na +, K+ Cl -, & Ca ++ ions_______________ osmosis water _______________________ Phagocytosis Large molecules & whole cells____________ Pinocytosis Small molecules & fluid _______________ Used by Golgi to transport Exocytosis molecules OUT of cell ___________________________ Used by white blood cells to Phagocytosis engulf and destroy bacteria _____________________