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CELLS
Structure & Function
Review
The ___________
is thebasic unit
cell
of life.
Robert
Hooke was the first person
____________
to see “cells” under the microscope.
What is the function of the cell
membrane?
Controls what enters or leaves cell;
When DNA is spread out in the
nucleus of a cell of non-dividing cells
chromatin
it is called ____________.
In 1855 German physician
Rudolf Virchow
__________________________
saw dividing cells and reasoned that
cells come from existing cells.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Burn glucose and store energy as ATP
prokaryotes
Bacteria are ______________
prokaryotes
eukaryotes
This storage space
is a ___________.
vacuole
Tell two of the parts of the cell theory.
*All living things are made of cells.
*Cells are the basic units of structure &
function in an organism
* Cells are produced from existing cells.
Small structure in a cell that performs
a specific function
organelle
In 1838 a botanist named
___________________________
Matthias
Schleiden
concluded that ALL PLANTS
are made of cells.
What does the nucleolus make?
ribosomes
Tell which part does it?
Mitochondria
Burns glucose ____________________
Controls what enters
Cell membrane
or leaves the cell ___________________
Pulls chromosomes
Centrioles
during cell division __________________
Digests unwanted
Lysosomes
substances or cell parts _______________
Ribosomes
Makes proteins ______________________
Nucleus
Contains chromatin ___________________
eukaryote
An animal cell is a ____________.
prokaryote
eukaryote
This organelle is
the ____________
Rough ER
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html
Dutch microscope maker who 1st saw
living cells.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Name an organelle that assists in
movement.
Cilia
or
flagella
This storage space is larger in plants
than animals.
vacuole
Molecule that provides the energy
for active transport
ATP
Cells that have a cell membrane
but NOT a nuclear membrane are
________________
prokaryotes
Organelle that acts as the cell’s control
center.
nucleus
Cell membranes are made of these 2
main kinds of molecules.
Phospholipids & proteins
Name another kind of molecule that could
also be found in an animal cell membrane
Steroids(lipids) OR glycoproteins
Dark spot in the nucleus of a cell
where ribosomes are made.
nucleolus
Membranes that allow certain molecules
to pass through and not others are said
to be ___________________
Selectively OR semi- permeable.
Programmed cell death or “cell
suicide” for the good of the
organism Apoptosis
ribosomes
Proteins are made on the __________
in a cell.
In what kind of cell would you
expect to see chromatin?
Non-dividing
dividing
non-dividing
Thylakoid stacks would be seen inside
chloroplasts
_____________________
Mitochondria
Golgi bodies
chloroplasts
Cell organelles that burn
glucose and store energy as ATP.
mitochondria
This structure
flagellum
is a __________
Name an organelle that is made of
microtubules
Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella,
OR centrioles
An membrane protein with carbohydrates
attached to its surface that functions in
cell identification is called a
glycoprotein
____________________
Name an organelle besides the
nucleus that has DNA
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts
Tell one difference between
cilia and flagella.
Cilia- several, shorter
Flagella-one or two, longer
Tell which part does it?
Makes lipids
ER
for membranes smooth
____________________
Makes ATP ___________________
Mitochondria
Spread out DNA __________________
chromatin
Modifies & transports
proteins made on its
Rough ER
ribosomes ________________________
Regulates calcium levels
Smooth ER
in muscle cells
________________
Supports and protects
Cell wall
plant cells
___________________
Endoplasmic reticulum with
ribosomes attached is called
rough ER.
_________
Membrane bound sac that
contains digestive enzymes.
lysosome
This organelle
makes ATP.
mitochondrion
Because the phospholipids in a cell
membrane form 2 layers it is
called a _____________.
bilayer
Tell one way plant cells are different
from animal cells.
Plant cells have a cell wall and animal cells don’t.
Plants have larger vacuoles.
Plants have chloroplasts and animal cells don’t
Called the “power plant” of the cell
because it makes energy
mitochondrion
Tell one way bacteria are different
from animal cells.
Bacteria don’t have a nuclear membrane
and animal cells do.
Bacteria have a cell wall and animal cells
don’t.
This organelle contains the molecules
for photosynthesis.
chloroplast
smooth ER does NOT have
_________
ribosomes attached
The _______________
is made of
cytoskeleton
microfilaments and microtubules and
helps the cell to maintain its shape.
The yellow part of this phospholipid
molecule stays on the outside of the
bilayer next to the water environment
because it is ______________.
polar
polar
nonpolar
What is the job of the ribosomes?
Make proteins
Pancake-like stack of membranes
that modify, sort, &package substances
for transport.
Golgi body
Name a cell part that
has this 9 + 2
arrangement of
microtubules
Cilia OR flagella
Organelle in a plant or animal cell that
contains the cell’s genetic material.
nucleus
The folded inner membrane in
the mitochondria which help to
increase the surface area for
chemical reactions is called the
_______________.
cristae
Ribosomes are made of
Protein
RNA
__________
& __________
Tell which part does it?
Contains genetic info __________________
nucleus
cytoskeleton
Give cell shape/support ____________
Few, long structures
flagella
for locomotion __________________
Provide more surface
cristae
area inside mitochondria _________________
chloroplast
Place for photosynthesis __________________
vacuole
Large storage space ___________________
What is the function of the
Rough ER?
Modify and transport molecules made
by its ribosomes
This organelle
is a _____________
Golgi Body
http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.htm
eukaryote
A plant cell is a ______________.
prokaryote
eukaryote
Tell one way plant cells and animal
cells are alike.
Both are eukaryotes.
Both have a nuclear & cell membrane.
Have most of same organelles
(except cell wall and chloroplast)
The many short structures
on the top of this
cell are __________
cilia
Cells that have a nuclear membrane
are called ________________
eukaryotes
The organelle that regulates calcium in
muscle cells, makes lipids for
membranes, and breaks down toxins in
liver cells is the ____________________
Smooth ER
The cytoskeleton is made of
Microfilaments & ______________
microtubules
______________
The blue part of this phospholipid
molecule stays inside away from
water because it is ______________.
Non polar
polar
nonpolar
In 1839 a Zoologist named
Theodor Schwann
_________________________
concluded that ALL ANIMALS are
made of cells
What do ribosomes make?
proteins
A
B
C
D
E
A = ________________
Cell membrane
Rough ER
B = ________________
nucleus
C = ________________
Golgi Body
D= _________________
Mitochondrion
E= __________________
Tell which part does it?
Mitochondria
Makes ATP ____________________
Controls what enters
nuclear envelope
or leaves the nucleus _________________
Cilia or flagella
Help cell move __________________
Modify, sort, & package
Golgi bodies
substances for transport _________________
nucleolus
Makes ribosomes ______________________
Nucleus
Control center of cell ___________________
Put in order of increasing size:
Organ
cell
organ system
organism tissue
organ
tissue
cell
_______
_________
 _________
Organ system ______________
organism
_____________
True or False
Bacteria don’t have a CELL
membrane.
FALSE; All cells have a cell
membrane on the outside
Name one of the functions of Smooth ER
Make lipids for membranes,
regulate calcium levels,
Break down toxic substances
Name an organelle besides the cell
nucleus that has its OWN DNA
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts
A group of cells that work together to
carry out a specific function are called
tissue
a _______________
True or False
Bacteria don’t have ribosomes.
False; Yes, they do
Ribosomes aren’t made of membranes
True or False
Plant cells don’t have centrioles
True; at least we can’t see them
Name an organelle besides the cell nucleus
that is surrounded by a
DOUBLE membrane
Mitochondria OR chloroplasts
A group of organs that work together to
carry out a specific function are called
an _______________
Organ system
Centrioles are only seen in
__________________________
cells.
Dividing animal
You would expect to see cristae inside
a ________________
mitochondrion
Cells that need a lot of energy
probably have a lot of ______________
mitochondria
Golgi bodies
Smooth ER
mitochondria
centrioles
Endoplasmic reticulum without
ribosomes attached is called
_____________________
Smooth ER
The difference in the
concentration of molecules across
a space is called a
Concentration gradient
______________________
This cell is in a
_______________
isotonic
solution.
Stay the same size
It will probably ________________
shrink
swell & burst
stay the same size
This cell is in a
_______________
hypertonic
solution.
Shrink
It will probably ________________
shrink
swell & burst
stay the same size
This cell is in a
_______________
hypotonic
solution.
swell and burst
It will probably ________________
shrink
swell & burst
stay the same size
When you sit in the
bathtub, your fingers
get wrinkly because
of the water entering
your skin cells. The
bathtub water is a
____________
hypotonic
solution compared to
your skin cells
Hypotonic
isotonic
hypertonic
This type of transport
is called
endocytosis
_______________
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html
ACTIVE transport can move
____________
molecules AGAINST the
concentration gradient.
Active
Passive
When you mix iodine
starch
with ____________
you will see a
black/purple
color change.
The shrinking of plant cells in a
HYPERTONIC solution is called
plasmolysis
______________
This cell is in a
HYPOTONIC
_______________
solution.
hypotonic isotonic hypertonic
Passive transport does
___________
NOT require energy to move
molecules.
Kind of transport used by ions like
Ca+ + , Cl - , Na+ , and K + to
move across cell membranes
Ion channels
(Na+ and K + can also move
by the Na+ - K + pump)
The proteins
in a cell membrane
that help move
molecules across the
membrane are called __________
carrier proteins.
What keeps plant cells from undergoing
bursting in hypotonic environments?
_____________
Cell wall is sturdy & holds shape
Name a kind of transport that uses
carrier proteins to help molecules
move across membranes
Facilitated diffusion, ion channels,
OR Na+-K+ pump
Name the 4 kinds of passive transport
Diffusion
facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
ion channels
A membrane that
lets certain
molecules pass
through and not
others is called
_______________
Semi permeable OR
selectively permeable
http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg
Name a kind of transport that uses
vesicles to move substances across
a membrane
Pinocytosis, phagocytosis,
Exocytosis, endocytosis
Name the kind of transport that
moves WATER across cell membranes
OSMOSIS
There are fewer
molecules in fresh
water than in the
bodies of animals that
live in there.
What will happen to
this freshwater fish?
Freshwater fish live
in a HYPOtonic
environment.
Water will move
INTO the fish and
it must urinate
frequently to
maintain its
water balance.
(HOMEOSTASIS)
Diffusion continues
until the concentration
of molecules is equal
throughout the space.
This is called
equilibrium
___________________
http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm
Which organelle
makes the ATP
used to run the
Na + -K+ pump?
mitochondria
Type of endocytosis in which cells
take in small molecules or fluids
pinocytosis
The white circles stand
for oxygen molecules.
Use what you know
about diffusion of
molecules to predict
which way the oxygen
will move.
From the lungs into the blood
The type of transport that
moves substances OUT
of cells is called
exocytosis
______________
The energy for active transport
comes from this molecule
ATP
This cell is in a
__________________
isotonic
solution.
It will probably
__________________
stay the same size
Undergo cytolysis
Undergo plasmolysis
stay the same size
The pressure of water exerts in a cell
during osmosis is called
________________
OSMOTIC pressure.
LABEL THE DIAGRAMS;
HYPERTONIC
ISOTONIC
HYPOTONIC
Putting plant cells into a
HYPOTONIC solution will cause water to
____________________________________
Enter cell
enter cell
leave cell
increase in
This will cause a(n) ___________
osmotic pressure.
Putting plant cells into a
HYPERTONIC solution will cause water to
____________________________________
Leave cell
enter cell
leave cell
decrease in
This will cause a(n) ___________
osmotic pressure.
Name the Cell GUY
German physician who saw
dividing cells and concluded
Rudolf Virchow
all cells come from existing cells _____________
German botanist who
concluded all plants are
Matthias Schleiden
made of cells
___________________
Dutch microscope maker
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
who 1st saw living cells __________________
Name the Cell GUY
German zoologist who
concluded all animals
Theodor
Schwann
are made of cells
_______________________
English scientist who 1st
saw “little boxes” in cork
and called them cells ___________________
Robert Hooke
Tell if the transport is ACTIVE or PASSIVE
PASSIVE
Facilitated diffusion ___________________
PASSIVE
Osmosis ____________________
Na + - K+ pump ____________________
ACTIVE
Diffusion ____________________
PASSIVE
Endocytosis _______________________
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
Exocytosis ________________________
PASSIVE
Ion channels ________________________
Tell if the transport uses
Vesicles
Carrier proteins
Needs NO HELP
Carrier protein
Facilitated diffusion ___________________
Needs no help
Osmosis ____________________
Na + - K+ pump ____________________
Carrier protein
Diffusion ____________________
Needs no help
Vesicle
Endocytosis _______________________
vesicle
Exocytosis ________________________
Carrier protein
Ion channels ________________________
Match the picture with the kind of transport
http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/voltgate.htm
Ion
channel
Membrane proteins make a passageway through the
membrane for ions
Name a substance that in transported
in this way
Cl- , Ca+ + , Na+ or K + ions
Match the picture with the kind of transport
Molecules move across
membrane without
help from carrier
proteins or vesicles
If the molecule moving is oxygen or
carbon dioxide this would be called
____________________
diffusion
If the molecule moving is water this
osmosis
would be called __________________
Match the picture with the kind of transport
http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm
Na+ - K + pump
Energy from ATP is used to move Na + ions OUT OF
and K + ions INTO the cell
Name a substance that in transported
in this way
+
+
Na
or K ions
Match the picture with the kind of transport
ENDOCYTOSIS
Substance is transported
INTO cell inside a vesicle
If what is moving into the cell are small
molecules or fluids
this would be called __________________
PINOCYTOSIS
Match the picture with the kind of transport
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBooktransp.html
EXOCYTOSIS
INSIDE
CELL
OUTSIDE
CELL
Substance in put in a
Vesicle and transported
up to the cell membrane
and released OUTSIDE
Name an organelle that uses this
kind of transport Golgi Bodies
Match the picture with the kind of transport
http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/facdifan.gif
Facilitated diffusion
Carrier protein grabs molecule,
changes shape, and flips it to the other side
Name a molecule that moves into cells
this way
glucose
Match the picture with the kind of transport
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html
ENDOCYTOSIS
Substance is transported
INTO cell inside a vesicle
If the green square above is
a large molecule or a whole cell
this would be called __________________
PHAGOCYTOSIS
Tell the kind of transport used by each
Glucose ___________________
Facilitated diffusion
Oxygen & carbon dioxide _______________
Simple diffusion
Na + and K+ ions ____________________
Na + – K+ pump
Ion channels
Na +, K+ Cl -, & Ca ++ ions_______________
osmosis
water _______________________
Phagocytosis
Large molecules & whole cells____________
Pinocytosis
Small molecules & fluid _______________
Used by Golgi to transport
Exocytosis
molecules OUT of cell ___________________________
Used by white blood cells to
Phagocytosis
engulf and destroy bacteria _____________________