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Study of Biology 1 What is Biology? • _______ is the study of all living things • Living things are called _____________ • Organisms include __________, ________, ______, _______, & _________ 2 All Living Things Share Common Characteristics 1. Basic Unit is the ______ 2. They _____________ 3. All Based On Universal Genetic Code (_____) 4. ______ & __________ 3 Common Characteristics 5. Obtain & Use Materials & _________ 6. _________To Their Environment 7. Maintain A __________ __________ ___________ (_____________) 8. AS A GROUP, Living Things _____, That Is They Change Over Time 4 Characteristics of Organisms 5 All Organisms are made of _______ 6 Facts About Cells • Cells are the _______ ______ unit of an organism • All cells contain living material called _________ • All cells are surrounded by a ____ _________ that controls what enters & leaves the cell 7 More Cell Facts • Cells are complex & highly ________ • Cells have parts called _________ that do different jobs e.g. Chloroplasts in plants make sugars 8 More Cell Facts • The simplest cells are called ___________ • These cells ______ have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles • _________ are examples 9 More Cell Facts • More complex cells are called ___________ • These cells ___ have a nucleus and membranebound organelles • Plants, __________, protists, & _______ are examples 10 Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cells • ___________ Organisms –Living Organism Made Up Of ____ Cell • __________ Organisms –Living Organism Made Up Of _____, ___________ Cells 11 Organisms Reproduce to Pass on their _______ _______ 12 Two Types of Reproduction • _______ ___________ • • • Involves __ parents Egg fertilized by sperm to make a ________ Offspring are ____________ from parents 13 Two Types of Reproduction • ________ __________ • • • Involves __ organism or cell Cell divides Offspring are _______ to parent 14 Cells Have a Genetic Code 15 Genetic Code • DNA (_____________________) carries the genetic code for all organisms • All __________ contain DNA • DNA codes for the _________ that make up cells & do all the work 16 Organisms Grow & Develop 17 Growth & Development • Organisms ______ by producing MORE CELLS & by cell ENLARGEMENT • Organisms ________ as they mature into an adult organism 18 Cells Require Food & Energy 19 Food Requirements • _________ can make their own food • Photoautotrophs use __________ to make food (photosynthesis) • Chemoautotrophs use ________ such as iron & sulfur as their energy 20 Food Requirements • _________can NOT make their own food • They must consume other organisms • ___________ eat plants • __________ eat meat • __________ eat plants & animals 21 Metabolism • Sum of all the __________ ___________ in an organism • All require __________ • _________ is the ultimate energy for life on Earth 22 Metabolism • ________________ –Cells releasing the chemical energy stored in __________ 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O 23 Organisms Respond to Stimuli • Organisms __________ to _______ (Temperature, Water, Food Supplies, etc.) In Order To Survive & Reproduce 24 Homeostasis • Keeping The Internal Environment (____________) Of The Cell or Organism Within The Ranges Required For Life • Stable internal conditions of ___, _____________, _______________, etc. 25 Living Things Evolve • _______ Of Organisms (Not Individuals) Change Over Time In Order To Survive Within Changing Environments. • _________________s how changes in groups of organisms 26 Life is Organized on Several Levels 27 Levels • • • • • • • • Atoms Molecules Organelles ______ – life starts here Tissues Organs System Organism 28 Levels • • • • Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere 29 30