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Earth, Sun and Moon By Claverine Rowe & Reuben Wills Moon • Because the force of gravity at the surface of an object is the result of the object's mass and size, the surface gravity of the moon is only one-sixth of the Earth. Sun • The Sun is a star. It is a rather ordinary star - not particularly big or small, not particularly young or old. It is the source of heat which sustains life on Earth, and controls our climate and weather. It is the closest star to Earth, and the most closely studied. From it we have learned a great deal about the physical processes which determine the structure and evolution of stars in general. Moon • By measuring the ages of lunar rocks, we know that the moon is about 4.6 billion years old, or about the same age as Earth. • The distance between the Earth and its moon averages about 238,900 miles (384,000 kilometers). The diameter of the moon is 2,160 miles (3,476 kilometers). The moon's mass—the amount of material that makes up the moon— is about one-eightieth of the Earth's mass. Earth • Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is the fifth largest of the eight planets in the solar system, and the largest of the terrestrial planets (non-gas planets) in the Solar System in terms of diameter, mass and density. It is also referred to as the World, the Blue Planet.