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Chapter 8 Survey of Solar Systems The solar system formed from a cloud of cold gas and dust called the solar nebula about 4.6 billion years ago The planets in out Solar System were formed from countless impacts Moon Mercury Asteroids Inner planets are vastly different than outer planets in terms of sizes, masses, and densities My Very Enormous Martian Just Swallowed Up Neptune! My Very Enormous Martian Just Swallowed Up Neptune! There is still minor debris left over from the formation of the solar system Rocky Asteroids - mostly found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter There is still minor debris left over from the formation of the solar system Icy Comets – found in the outer parts of the solar system Dwarf Planets- orbit the Sun, nearly round shape, not a planet, star or moon Protoplanetary Disks New solar systems in formation! Exoplanets Planets that have been detected orbiting other stars!!! Detection of Exoplanets: Stellar Wobble Method • • gravity of the planet causes the star to wobble back and forth • 1990s, used Doppler effect to detect stellar wobbles Exoplanets in other solar systems New Earth-like Planet! KEPLER 2009 Detection of Exoplanets: Planetary Transit Method One of a few images of an exoplanet around a star Future Discovery Methods Terrestrial Planet Finder (2014, 2020)