* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Sun and Moon powerpoint.
Survey
Document related concepts
International Ultraviolet Explorer wikipedia , lookup
History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses wikipedia , lookup
Formation and evolution of the Solar System wikipedia , lookup
Astrobiology wikipedia , lookup
Rare Earth hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
Geocentric model wikipedia , lookup
Astronomical unit wikipedia , lookup
Extraterrestrial life wikipedia , lookup
Late Heavy Bombardment wikipedia , lookup
Comparative planetary science wikipedia , lookup
Lunar effect wikipedia , lookup
Extraterrestrial skies wikipedia , lookup
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
The Sun OUR STAR • 34 Earth days to rotate at Poles • 25 Earth days to rotate at Equator OUR STAR • Main Sequence Star • Spectral Class: G2V OUR STAR • Surface temp = 5500°C • Core temp = 15 million°C OUR STAR • Acceleration due to gravity = 274 m/s2 • Compared to Earth’s 9.81 m/s2 OUR STAR • 1.4 million km diameter • 750 times the mass of all of the solar system’s planets put together STUDYING THE SUN • In 1609 Galileo built his first telescope • He saw Sunspots STUDYING THE SUN • 1960’s • PIONEER 5 to 9 • Orbited the sun – Solar wind – Solar flares – Magnetic fields STUDYING THE SUN • 1974 & 1976 • HELIOS • High-velocity passes close to Sun’s surface – Solar wind – Magnetic field STUDYING THE SUN • 1980 • SOLAR MAXIMUM MISSION – X-rays – Gamma rays – Ultraviolet radiation – From flares and sunspots STUDYING THE SUN • 1990 • ULYSSES • primary mission was to orbit the Sun and study it at all latitudes. • The last day for mission operations on Ulysses was June 30, 2009 What are the difficulties in studying the Sun? • • • • • Heat Light Distance Angle Size The Moon EARTH’s SATELLITE • Earth’s only natural satellite • Located 384,400 km away from Earth • Reflects light from the Sun EARTH’s SATELLITE • Synodic month: 29.5 days days (new moon to new moon) • Sidereal month: 27.3 days (360° around Earth) • Rotational Period: 27.3 days • We only see one side of the Moon EARTH’s SATELLITE • Maximum Surface Temperature:130º C • Minimum Surface Temperature:-180º C • thought to have a small Iron core followed by a very thick mantle and a thin crust. EARTH’s SATELLITE • The Moon is composed of two major features: – Highlands – Maria • The Highlands are like our own mountain ranges. Formed from igneous rock. • The Maria are similar to our oceans, but were formed by past lava flows. EARTH’s SATELLITE • g = 1.62 m/s2 EARTH’s SATELLITE • Diameter = 3,476 km EARTH’s SATELLITE • Fission Theory - Earth spinning so fast a piece broke off forming the Moon • Capture Theory - Moon formed elsewhere and was captured • Co-Creation Theory the Earth and Moon formed and evolved together • Collisional Ejection Theory - a large impact broke off pieces of the Earth and formed the Moon STUDYING THE MOON • In 1609 used his first telescope to examine the Moon • He saw Craters and Mountains STUDYING THE MOON • By 1651, Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista Riccioli and mathematician and physicist Francesco M. Grimaldi, had completed a map of the moon. • That map established the naming system for lunar features that is still in use. STUDYING THE MOON • First Un-manned Probes: – 1959, probes from Soviet's Luna spacecraft first flew by and then impacted the Moon's surface. – NASA's Pioneer 4 passed within 37,000 miles of the Moon – Ranger, Surveyor and Lunar Orbiter photographed the lunar surface in preparation for landing astronauts STUDYING THE MOON • Manned Landings: – July 20, 1969, Apollo 11 mission successfully lands on the Moon. Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins. – 6 manned missions – returned the first scientific samples from an extraterrestrial body to Earth - nearly 850 pounds of Moon rock STUDYING THE MOON • 1994, a tiny spacecraft, Clementine, discovered possible indirect evidence for water ice on the Moon, in a permanently shadowed milesdeep crater at the south pole • New (Mar 2014) NASA interactive map allows you to explore the Moon created from images from NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter whiched entered lunar orbit in June 2009 Sources • http://lunar.ksc.nasa.gov/history/moonh.html • http://philosophyofscienceportal.blogspot.ca/2010/04/francescomaria-grimaldigiambattista.html • http://astronomyonline.org/solarsystem/moonintroduction.asp • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aldrin_Apollo_11_original.jpg • http://knlive.ctvnews.ca/new-nasa-interactive-let-s-you-explore-themoon-1.1738532 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_landing • http://www.optcorp.com/articles/galileo-galileis-moon-drawings • http://www.universetoday.com/19718/formation-of-the-moon/