Download The Sun and Moon powerpoint.

The Sun
OUR STAR
• 34 Earth days to
rotate at Poles
• 25 Earth days to
rotate at Equator
OUR STAR
• Main Sequence
Star
• Spectral Class:
G2V
OUR STAR
• Surface temp
= 5500°C
• Core temp =
15 million°C
OUR STAR
• Acceleration due to gravity = 274 m/s2
• Compared to Earth’s 9.81 m/s2
OUR STAR
• 1.4 million km diameter
• 750 times the mass of all of the solar
system’s planets put together
STUDYING THE SUN
• In 1609 Galileo built his first telescope
• He saw Sunspots
STUDYING THE SUN
• 1960’s
• PIONEER 5 to 9
• Orbited the sun
– Solar wind
– Solar flares
– Magnetic fields
STUDYING THE SUN
• 1974 & 1976
• HELIOS
• High-velocity passes
close to Sun’s
surface
– Solar wind
– Magnetic field
STUDYING THE SUN
• 1980
• SOLAR MAXIMUM
MISSION
– X-rays
– Gamma rays
– Ultraviolet radiation
– From flares and
sunspots
STUDYING THE SUN
• 1990
• ULYSSES
• primary mission was
to orbit the Sun and
study it at all
latitudes.
• The last day for
mission operations
on Ulysses was June
30, 2009
What are the difficulties in studying
the Sun?
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Heat
Light
Distance
Angle
Size
The Moon
EARTH’s SATELLITE
• Earth’s only
natural satellite
• Located 384,400
km away from
Earth
• Reflects light
from the Sun
EARTH’s SATELLITE
• Synodic month: 29.5
days days (new moon
to new moon)
• Sidereal month: 27.3
days (360° around
Earth)
• Rotational Period:
27.3 days
• We only see one side
of the Moon
EARTH’s SATELLITE
• Maximum Surface
Temperature:130º C
• Minimum Surface
Temperature:-180º C
• thought to have a small
Iron core followed by a
very thick mantle and a
thin crust.
EARTH’s SATELLITE
• The Moon is composed
of two major features:
– Highlands
– Maria
• The Highlands are like
our own mountain
ranges. Formed from
igneous rock.
• The Maria are similar to
our oceans, but were
formed by past lava
flows.
EARTH’s SATELLITE
• g = 1.62 m/s2
EARTH’s SATELLITE
• Diameter = 3,476 km
EARTH’s SATELLITE
• Fission Theory - Earth
spinning so fast a piece
broke off forming the
Moon
• Capture Theory - Moon
formed elsewhere and
was captured
• Co-Creation Theory the Earth and Moon
formed and evolved
together
• Collisional Ejection
Theory - a large impact
broke off pieces of the
Earth and formed the
Moon
STUDYING THE MOON
• In 1609 used his first telescope to examine
the Moon
• He saw Craters and Mountains
STUDYING THE MOON
• By 1651, Italian astronomer
Giovanni Battista Riccioli and
mathematician and physicist
Francesco M. Grimaldi, had
completed a map of the moon.
• That map established the
naming system for lunar
features that is still in use.
STUDYING THE MOON
• First Un-manned Probes:
– 1959, probes from Soviet's
Luna spacecraft first flew
by and then impacted the
Moon's surface.
– NASA's Pioneer 4 passed
within 37,000 miles of the
Moon
– Ranger, Surveyor and
Lunar Orbiter
photographed the lunar
surface in preparation for
landing astronauts
STUDYING THE MOON
• Manned Landings:
– July 20, 1969, Apollo 11
mission successfully
lands on the Moon. Neil
Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin,
and Michael Collins.
– 6 manned missions
– returned the first scientific
samples from an
extraterrestrial body to
Earth - nearly 850
pounds of Moon rock
STUDYING THE MOON
• 1994, a tiny spacecraft,
Clementine, discovered
possible indirect evidence for
water ice on the Moon, in a
permanently shadowed milesdeep crater at the south pole
• New (Mar 2014) NASA
interactive map allows you to
explore the Moon created
from images from NASA’s
Lunar Reconnaissance
Orbiter whiched entered lunar
orbit in June 2009
Sources
• http://lunar.ksc.nasa.gov/history/moonh.html
• http://philosophyofscienceportal.blogspot.ca/2010/04/francescomaria-grimaldigiambattista.html
• http://astronomyonline.org/solarsystem/moonintroduction.asp
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aldrin_Apollo_11_original.jpg
• http://knlive.ctvnews.ca/new-nasa-interactive-let-s-you-explore-themoon-1.1738532
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_landing
• http://www.optcorp.com/articles/galileo-galileis-moon-drawings
• http://www.universetoday.com/19718/formation-of-the-moon/