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Test 2 Review Questions Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 1 Modern telescopes use mirrors rather than lenses for all of these reasons EXCEPT Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) light passing through lenses can be absorbed or scattered. b) large lenses can be very heavy. c) large lenses are more difficult to make. d) mirrors can be computer controlled to improve resolution. e) reflecting telescopes aren’t affected by the atmosphere as much. Question 1 Modern telescopes use mirrors rather than lenses for all of these reasons EXCEPT a) light passing through lenses can be absorbed or scattered. b) large lenses can be very heavy. c) large lenses are more difficult to make. d) mirrors can be computer controlled to improve resolution. e) reflecting telescopes aren’t affected by the atmosphere as much. Reflecting instruments like the KECK telescopes can be made larger, and more capable, than refractors. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 2 Seeing in astronomy is a measurement of Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) the quality of the telescope’s optics. b) the transparency of a telescope’s lens. c) the sharpness of vision of your eyes. d) the image quality due to air stability. e) the sky’s clarity & absence of clouds. Question 2 Seeing in astronomy is a measurement of a) the quality of the telescope’s optics. b) the transparency of a telescope’s lens. c) the sharpness of vision of your eyes. d) the image quality due to air stability. e) the sky’s clarity & absence of clouds. Smeared overall image of star “Good Seeing” occurs when the atmosphere is clear and the air is still. Turbulent air produces “poor seeing,” and fuzzier images. Point images of a star Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 3 Diffraction is the tendency of light to Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) bend around corners and edges. b) separate into its component colors. c) bend through a lens. d) disperse within a prism. e) reflect off a mirror. Question 3 Diffraction is the tendency of light to a) bend around corners and edges. b) separate into its component colors. c) bend through a lens. d) disperse within a prism. e) reflect off a mirror. Diffraction affects all telescopes and limits the sharpness of all images. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 4 Resolution is improved by using Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) larger telescopes & longer wavelengths. b) infrared light. c) larger telescopes & shorter wavelengths. d) lower frequency light. e) visible light. Question 4 Resolution is improved by using a) larger telescopes & longer wavelengths. b) infrared light. c) larger telescopes & shorter wavelengths. d) lower frequency light. e) visible light. Diffraction limits resolution; larger telescopes and Copyright © 2010 Pearsonshorter-wave Education, Inc. light produces sharper images. Question 5 An advantage of CCDs over photographic film is Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) they don’t require chemical development. b) digital data is easily stored & transmitted. c) CCDs are more light sensitive than film. d) CCD images can be developed faster. e) All of the above are true. Question 5 An advantage of CCDs over photographic film is Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) they don’t require chemical development. b) digital data is easily stored & transmitted. c) CCDs are more light sensitive than film. d) CCD images can be developed faster. e) All of the above are true. Question 6 Radio dishes are large in order to Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) improve angular resolution. b) give greater magnification. c) increase the range of waves they can collect. d) detect shorter waves than optical telescopes for superior resolution. Question 6 Radio dishes are large in order to a) improve angular resolution. b) give greater magnification. c) increase the range of waves they can collect. d) detect shorter waves than optical telescopes for superior resolution. Resolution is worse with long-wave light, so radio telescopes must be large to compensate. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 7 Adaptive optics refers to Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) making telescopes larger or smaller. b) reducing atmospheric blurring using computer control. c) collecting different kinds of light with one type of telescope. d) using multiple linked telescopes. Question 7 Adaptive optics refers to a) making telescopes larger or smaller. b) reducing atmospheric blurring using computer control. c) collecting different kinds of light with one type of telescope. d) using multiple linked telescopes. Shaping a mirror in “real time” can dramatically improve resolution. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 8 Radio telescopes are useful because Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) observations can be made day & night. b) we can see objects that don’t emit visible light. c) radio waves are not blocked by interstellar dust. d) they can be linked to form interferometers. e) All of the above are true. Question 8 Radio telescopes are useful because a) observations can be made day & night. b) we can see objects that don’t emit visible light. c) radio waves are not blocked by interstellar dust. d) they can be linked to form interferometers. e) All of the above are true. The Very Large Array links separate radio telescopes to create much better resolution. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 9 Infrared telescopes are very useful for observing Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) pulsars & black holes. b) from locations on the ground. c) hot stars & intergalactic gas. d) neutron stars. e) cool stars & star-forming regions. Question 9 Infrared telescopes are very useful for observing a) pulsars & black holes. b) from locations on the ground. c) hot stars & intergalactic gas. d) neutron stars. e) cool stars & star-forming regions. Infrared images of star-forming “nurseries” can reveal objects still shrouded in cocoons of gas and dust. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 10 The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) offers sharper images than ground telescopes primarily because Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) HST is closer to planets & stars. b) HST uses a larger primary mirror. c) it gathers X-ray light. d) HST orbits above the atmosphere. e) it stays on the nighttime side of Earth. Question 10 The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) offers sharper images than ground telescopes primarily because a) HST is closer to planets & stars. b) HST uses a larger primary mirror. c) it gathers X-ray light. d) HST orbits above the atmosphere. e) it stays on the nighttime side of Earth. HST orbits less than 400 miles above Earth – not much closer to stars & planets! But it can gather UV, visible, and IR light, unaffected by Earth’s atmosphere. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 1 Which of the following are terrestrial planets? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) b) c) d) only Earth Earth, Moon, and Venus Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Pluto e) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Ceres Question 1 Which of the following are terrestrial planets? a) b) c) d) only Earth Earth, Moon, and Venus Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Pluto e) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Moon, Mars, and Ceres Terrestrial planets are “Earth-like.” Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 2 The major difference(s) between the terrestrial and jovian planets involve(s) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) mass. b) density. c) rotation speed. d) density and rotation speed. e) mass and density. Question 2 The major difference(s) between the terrestrial and jovian planets involve(s) a) mass. b) density. c) rotation speed. d) density and rotation speed. e) mass and density. Jovian planets are more massive, but less dense, than terrestrial planets. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 3 Which of the following defines density? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) mass times surface gravity b) mass divided by volume c) size divided by weight d) mass times surface area e) weight divided by size Question 3 a) mass times surface gravity b) mass divided by volume c) size divided by weight d) mass times surface area e) weight divided by size Which of the following defines density? Density can be thought of as MATTER SPACE Lots of matter in a small space = HIGH density. Little matter in a large space = LOW density. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 4 The angular diameter of an object Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) increases if the object is farther away. b) decreases if the object is farther away. c) is measured in light-years. d) determines its parallax. e) depends on its location in the sky. Question 4 The angular diameter of an object a) increases if the object is farther away. b) decreases if the object is farther away. c) is measured in light-years. d) determines its parallax. e) depends on its location in the sky. Angular diameter depends directly on size and inversely on distance. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 5 Compared with terrestrial planets, jovian planets share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) low density. b) large size. c) many moons. d) ring systems. e) slower rotation. Question 5 Compared with terrestrial planets, jovian planets share all of the following characteristics EXCEPT Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) low density. b) large size. c) many moons. d) ring systems. e) slower rotation. Question 6 Pluto seems to be more similar to Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) the terrestrial planets. b) the jovian planets. c) asteroids. d) the moons of jovian planets. e) the moons of terrestrial planets. Question 6 Pluto seems to be more similar to a) the terrestrial planets. b) the jovian planets. c) asteroids. d) the moons of jovian planets. e) the moons of terrestrial planets. Pluto is perhaps best categorized as a Kuiper belt object rather than a planet. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 7 Most asteroids are found Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) beyond the orbit of Neptune. b) between Earth and the Sun. c) between Mars and Jupiter. d) in the orbit of Jupiter, but 60 degrees ahead or behind it. e) orbiting the jovian planets in captured, retrograde orbits. Question 7 Most asteroids are found a) beyond the orbit of Neptune. b) between Earth and the Sun. c) between Mars and Jupiter. d) in the orbit of Jupiter, but 60 degrees ahead or behind it. e) orbiting the jovian planets in captured, retrograde orbits. The Asteroid Belt is located between 2.1 and 3.3 A U from the Sun. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 8 The asteroid belt is evidence of Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) a planet that once orbited the Sun but later was destroyed. b) ancient material from the formation of the solar system. c) a collision between Jupiter and one of its larger moons. d) comets that were trapped by Jupiter’s gravitational field. Question 8 The asteroid belt is evidence of a) a planet that once orbited the Sun but later was destroyed. b) ancient material from the formation of the solar system. c) a collision between Jupiter and one of its larger moons. d) comets that were trapped by Jupiter’s gravitational field. Asteroids, meteoroids, and comets may have not changed at all since the solar system formed. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 9 Compared to asteroids, comets show all of these properties EXCEPT Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) b) c) d) their densities are higher. their orbits tend to be more elliptical. they tend to be made of ice. they can look fuzzy, whereas asteroids appear as moving points of light. e) their average distances from the Sun are far greater. Question 9 Compared to asteroids, comets show all of these properties EXCEPT a) b) c) d) their densities are higher. their orbits tend to be more elliptical. they tend to be made of ice. they can look fuzzy, whereas asteroids appear as moving points of light. e) their average distances from the Sun are far greater. Comets have densities much lower than asteroids or planets. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 10 What causes a meteor shower? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) A comet and an asteroid collide. b) Earth runs into a stray swarm of asteroids. c) Earth runs into the debris of an old comet littering its orbit. d) Meteorites are ejected from the Moon. e) Debris from a supernova enters Earth’s atmosphere Question 10 What causes a meteor shower? a) A comet and an asteroid collide. b) Earth runs into a stray swarm of asteroids. c) Earth runs into the debris of an old comet littering its orbit. d) Meteorites are ejected from the Moon. e) Debris from a supernova enters Earth’s atmosphere Meteor showers can generate a few shooting stars, to hundreds of thousands, seen in an hour. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 11 Any theory of the origin of the solar system must explain all of these EXCEPT Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) the orbits of the planets are nearly circular, and in the same plane. b) the direction that planets orbit the Sun is opposite to the Sun’s spin. c) the terrestrial planets have higher density and lower mass. d) comets do not necessarily orbit in the plane of the solar system. Question 11 Any theory of the origin of the solar system must explain all of these EXCEPT a) the orbits of the planets are nearly circular, and in the same plane. b) the direction that planets orbit the Sun is opposite to the Sun’s spin. c) the terrestrial planets have higher density and lower mass. d) comets do not necessarily orbit in the plane of the solar system. The planets do orbit in the same direction that the Sun spins. Most also spin in that direction, and most also have large moons that orbit in that direction. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 12 The condensation sequence theory explains why Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) our planet Earth has water and rain. b) stars are more likely to form large planets orbiting very near. c) terrestrial planets are different from jovian planets. d) the Moon formed near the Earth. e) Pluto has such a circular orbit. Question 12 The condensation sequence theory explains why a) our planet Earth has water and rain. b) stars are more likely to form large planets orbiting very near. c) terrestrial planets are different from jovian planets. d) the Moon formed near to Earth. e) Pluto has such a circular orbit. The condensation sequence theory explains how the temperature of the early solar nebula controls which materials are solid, and which are gaseous. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 1 The Moon’s internal structure is similar to Earth’s, but the Moon lacks Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) an atmosphere. b) a hydrosphere. c) a magnetosphere. d) It lacks all of the above. Question 1 The Moon’s internal structure is similar to Earth’s, but the Moon lacks a) an atmosphere. b) a hydrosphere. c) a magnetosphere. d) It lacks all of the above. Both the Earth and Moon have a core, mantle, and crust, but the has a liquid water-rich layer, air, and a magnetic field. CopyrightEarth © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 2 The principal greenhouse gases in our present atmosphere are Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) hydrogen and helium. b) oxygen and nitrogen. c) water vapor and carbon dioxide. d) methane and ammonia. e) sulfuric acid vapor and CO2. Question 2 The principal greenhouse gases in our present atmosphere are a) hydrogen and helium. b) oxygen and nitrogen. c) water vapor and carbon dioxide. d) methane and ammonia. e) sulfuric acid vapor and CO2. A greenhouse gas lets shorterwavelength light pass through, but absorbs longer-wavelength light. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 3 Without the greenhouse effect in our atmosphere Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) we would not have to worry about ecological problems. b) the Earth’s oceans would be frozen. c) the amount of nitrogen & oxygen would be much less. d) the icecaps would have melted. e) global warming would still occur. Question 3 Without the greenhouse effect in our atmosphere a) we would not have to worry about ecological problems. b) the Earth’s oceans would be frozen. c) the amount of nitrogen & oxygen would be much less. d) the icecaps would have melted. e) global warming would still occur. Earth’s greenhouse effect makes the planet about 40° C hotter than it would otherwise be. This raises the average surface temperature above the freezing point of water. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 4 The region around Earth where the magnetic field traps charged particles is the Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) ozone layer. b) exosphere. c) Van Allen radiation belts. d) corona. e) aurora borealis and australis. Question 4 The region around Earth where the magnetic field traps charged particles is the a) ozone layer. b) exosphere. c) Van Allen radiation belts. d) corona. e) aurora borealis and australis. The Earth’s magnetosphere influences the charged particles of the solar wind. Some particles are channeled toward the poles, creating the aurora. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 5 At what lunar phase would the variation between high & low tides be greatest? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) new moon b) waxing crescent moon c) full moon d) third quarter moon e) both new and full moon Question 5 At what lunar phase would the variation between high & low tides be greatest? a) new moon b) waxing crescent moon c) full moon d) third quarter moon e) both new and full moon At new and full moon phases, the Sun and Moon combine to stretch the Earth and its oceans even more. We see higher high tides and lower low tides. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 6 What force riveted the Moon’s near side to constantly face Earth? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) the Sun’s gravity b) Earth’s magnetic field c) Earth’s tidal force d) the solar wind e) the Moon’s magnetic field Question 6 What force rivets the Moon’s near side to constantly face Earth? a) the Sun’s gravity b) Earth’s magnetic field c) Earth’s tidal force d) the solar wind e) the Moon’s magnetic field Just as the Moon creates tides on Earth with its gravitational force, the Earth affects the Moon, too. Because of Earth’s tidal force, the Moon spins once a month. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 7 Lunar maria are found Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) uniformly all over the Moon. b) mostly on the side facing Earth. c) mostly on the far side of the Moon. d) only in the dark areas, out of sunlight. e) in the highlands, among mountains. Question 7 Lunar maria are found a) uniformly all over the Moon. b) mostly on the side facing Earth. c) mostly on the far side of the Moon. d) only in the dark areas, out of sunlight. e) in the highlands, among mountains. Because the Moon keeps its near side always facing Earth, that side has a thinner crust, and is also less cratered. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 8 A planetary atmosphere with ozone could protect surface dwellers from Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) ultraviolet radiation. b) charged particles in the solar wind. c) meteor impacts. d) optical radiation. e) radar waves. Question 8 A planetary atmosphere with ozone could protect surface dwellers from a) ultraviolet radiation. b) charged particles in the solar wind. c) meteor impacts. d) optical radiation. e) radar waves. Ozone in the stratosphere (about 30-50 km high) absorbs UV light, and heats the upper atmosphere. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 9 Which of these is NOT a result of the Earth’s magnetic field? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) a compass pointing north b) aurorae c) the Van Allen radiation belts d) volcanic eruptions e) the comet-like tail of charged particles that extends past our Moon Question 9 Which of these is NOT a result of the Earth’s magnetic field? a) a compass pointing north b) aurorae c) the Van Allen radiation belts d) volcanic eruptions e) the comet-like tail of charged particles that extends past our Moon Our planet’s magnetosphere is generated by the Earth’s rotation and its liquid metal core. In contrast, the Moon doesn’t have a magnetic field. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 10 Today, which of these theories best explains the Moon’s origin? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) The fission theory b) The giant impact theory c) The capture theory d) The co-formation theory e) The fusion theory Question 10 Today, which of these theories best explains the Moon’s origin? a) The fission theory b) The giant impact theory c) The capture theory d) The co-formation theory e) The fusion theory The giant impact theory seems to explain why the Moon is similar to Earth’s mantle, and why it doesn’t have a dense core. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 1 Mercury’s surface most resembles which of these? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) the Moon’s far side b) Venus’ polar regions c) Earth’s deserts d) the Moon’s near side e) Mars’ deserts Question 1 Mercury’s surface most resembles which of these? a) the Moon’s far side b) Venus’ polar regions c) Earth’s deserts d) the Moon’s near side e) Mars’ deserts Both Mercury and the Moon’s far side are heavily cratered. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 2 Mercury is very hard to observe from Earth because Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) it always appears only half lit. b) it is never more than 28° from the Sun. c) its elliptical orbit causes it to change speed unpredictably. d) its surface reflects too little sunlight. e) its surface does not allow radar to bounce back to Earth. Question 2 Mercury is very hard to observe from Earth because a) it always appears only half lit. b) it is never more than 28° from the Sun. c) its elliptical orbit causes it to change speed unpredictably. d) its surface reflects too little sunlight. e) its surface does not allow radar to bounce back to Earth. Mercury’s inner orbit keeps it close to the Sun, visible only for an hour or two before sunrise or after sunset. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 3 How do the atmospheres of the Moon and Mercury compare? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) Mercury’s is more dense, with carbon dioxide. b) They are similar, only 1% as dense as ours. c) The cooler Moon retains a thicker nitrogen atmosphere. d) As no spacecraft has yet landed there, no information exists about Mercury’s. e) Neither body has a permanent atmosphere. Question 3 How do the atmospheres of the Moon and Mercury compare? a) Mercury’s is more dense, with carbon dioxide. b) They are similar, only 1% as dense as ours. c) The cooler Moon retains a thicker nitrogen atmosphere. d) As no spacecraft has yet landed there, no information exists about Mercury’s. e) Neither body has a permanent atmosphere. The lack of an atmosphere acting as a protective layer contributes to their extremely cratered surfaces. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 4 Mercury has extreme high and low temperatures between night and day because Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) it is so close to the Sun. b) its surface rocks don’t retain heat. c) it spins too fast to cool down. d) Mercury’s axis has no tilt; its equator receives direct sunlight. e) it has no atmosphere to moderate temperatures over the globe. Question 4 Mercury has extreme high and low temperatures between night and day because a) it is so close to the Sun. b) its surface rocks don’t retain heat. c) it spins too fast to cool down. d) Mercury’s axis has no tilt; its equator receives direct sunlight. e) it has no atmosphere to moderate temperatures over the globe. Mercury’s very high sunlit surface temperature of 700 K, and low mass, explain why it has no atmosphere. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 5 Which statement about the rotations of Mercury & the Moon is FALSE? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) Our Moon keeps the same side toward us. b) Mercury keeps the same side sunward at perihelion. c) Like our Moon, Mercury does not rotate at all, keeping the same side facing the Sun. d) On Mercury, three “days” equals two “years.” e) On the Moon, each “day” lasts about 15 Earth days of constant sunlight. Question 5 Which statement about the rotations of Mercury & the Moon is FALSE? a) Our Moon keeps the same side toward us. b) Mercury keeps the same side sunward at perihelion. c) Like our Moon, Mercury does not rotate at all, keeping the same side facing the Sun. d) On Mercury, three “days” equals two “years.” e) On the Moon, each “day” lasts about 15 Earth days of constant sunlight. Both Mercury and the Moon rotate slowly, and show a “spin-lock” created by tidal forces from nearby large objects. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 6 Which of the following inner solar system bodies has the densest atmosphere? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) Mercury b) Venus c) Earth d) Moon e) Mars Question 6 Which of the following inner solar system bodies has the densest atmosphere? a) Mercury b) Venus c) Earth d) Moon e) Mars Venus’ atmosphere has a pressure about 90 times larger than Earth’s. Many of its surface features are affected by this immense pressure. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 7 The greenhouse effect on Venus is due to ______ in its atmosphere. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) nitrogen b) hydrogen c) carbon dioxide d) oxygen e) sulfuric acid Question 7 The greenhouse effect on Venus is due to ______ in its atmosphere. a) nitrogen b) hydrogen c) carbon dioxide d) oxygen e) sulfuric acid Venus’ atmosphere is over 96% CO2, resulting in a surface temperature exceeding 900 °F. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 8 Venus’ surface shows all of the following EXCEPT Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) many impact craters of all sizes. b) shield volcanoes. c) a continent-sized plateau. d) huge circular volcanic coronae. e) lava domes. Question 8 Venus’ surface shows all of the following EXCEPT a) many impact craters of all sizes. b) shield volcanoes. c) a continent-sized plateau. d) huge circular volcanic coronae. e) lava domes. Venus’ thick atmosphere shields the planet from smaller meteor impacts. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 9 What effect does the greenhouse effect have on the surface environment of Venus? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) little or no effect b) about the same as on Earth c) to reduce the surface temperature by about 30° Celsius d) to raise the surface temperature by hundreds of degrees Celsius e) to cause the surface temperature of Venus to become hotter than Jupiter Question 9 What effect does the greenhouse effect have on the surface environment of Venus? a) little or no effect b) about the same as on Earth c) to reduce the surface temperature by about 30° Celsius d) to raise the surface temperature by hundreds of degrees Celsius e) to cause the surface temperature of Venus to become hotter than Jupiter Even though Venus is farther from the Sun than Mercury, it actually has a higher surface temperature because of the greenhouse effect. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 10 Which of the following inner solar system bodies has the largest volcanoes? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) Mercury b) Venus c) Earth d) Mars e) Moon Question 10 Which of the following inner solar system bodies has the largest volcanoes? a) Mercury b) Venus c) Earth d) Mars e) Moon Mars’ largest volcano, Olympus Mons, rises more than 25 km (75,000 ft) above the surrounding plains. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 11 Venus and Mars probably evolved differently from Earth because Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) they are slightly bigger than Earth. b) they are more massive than Earth. c) they have thicker atmospheres than Earth. d) they formed sooner than Earth. e) they orbit at different distances from the Sun. Question 11 Venus and Mars probably evolved differently from Earth because Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) they are slightly bigger than Earth. b) they are more massive than Earth. c) they have thicker atmospheres than Earth. d) they formed sooner than Earth. e) they orbit at different distances from the Sun. Question 12 The weakness of the magnetic field of Mars is because Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) it spins much slower than Earth does. b) its core may no longer be molten. c) its core contains less iron than our Earth. d) Both 2 and 3 are probable. e) All of the above are correct. Question 12 The weakness of the magnetic field of Mars is because a) it spins much slower than Earth does. b) its core may no longer be molten. c) its core contains less iron than our Earth. d) Both 2 and 3 are probable. e) All of the above are correct. Mars is smaller, and would have cooled more quickly. Earth Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Mars Question 1 Both Jupiter and Saturn a) b) c) d) e) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. have liquid metallic hydrogen in their interiors. have rings. emit more energy than they absorb from the Sun. rotate very rapidly. All of the above. Question 1 Both Jupiter and Saturn a) b) c) d) e) Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. have liquid metallic hydrogen in their interiors. have rings. emit more energy than they absorb from the Sun. rotate very rapidly. All of the above. Question 2 Jovian planets share all of the following traits EXCEPT Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) a low-density gaseous core. b) large magnetic fields. c) lots of hydrogen & helium gas. d) many moons. e) differential rotation. Question 2 Jovian planets share all of the following traits EXCEPT a) a low-density gaseous core. b) large magnetic fields. c) lots of hydrogen & helium gas. d) many moons. e) differential rotation. All of the jovian planets have dense, compact cores more massive than Earth, surrounded by liquid and gaseous layers. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 3 Jupiter and the other jovian planets are noticeably oblate because they have Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) very strong magnetic fields. b) powerful gravity pulling on the poles. c) rapid rotation and a fluid interior. d) many moons that tidally distort their shapes. e) All of the above. Question 3 Jupiter and the other jovian planets are noticeably oblate because they have a) very strong magnetic fields. b) powerful gravity pulling on the poles. c) rapid rotation and a fluid interior. d) many moons that tidally distort their shapes. e) All of the above. All of the jovian planets are larger than Earth, all spin faster, all have lower density, and all show a flattened, “oblate” shape. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 4 What is the probable source of the variations in Jupiter’s belts and zones? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) convection of ammonia ice upward b) differential rotation and underlying zonal flow c) oblateness due to low density d) thermonuclear fusion e) Jupiter’s huge magnetosphere Question 4 What is the probable source of the variations in Jupiter’s belts and zones? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) convection of ammonia ice upward b) differential rotation and underlying zonal flow c) oblateness due to low density d) thermonuclear fusion e) Jupiter’s huge magnetosphere Question 5 What is the source of Jupiter’s large magnetic field? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) charged particles moving in the atmosphere b) thermonuclear fusion in Jupiter’s core c) the gravitational attraction of Jupiter’s many large moons d) the Great Red Spot e) metallic hydrogen swirling in its interior Question 5 What is the source of Jupiter’s large magnetic field? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) charged particles moving in the atmosphere b) thermonuclear fusion in Jupiter’s core c) the gravitational attraction of Jupiter’s many large moons d) the Great Red Spot e) metallic hydrogen swirling in its interior Question 6 Saturn radiates even more excess energy than Jupiter because Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) Saturn is still radiating heat left over from its formation. b) Saturn’s thick cloud layer contributes to a larger greenhouse effect. c) helium rain gives off heat as it falls toward Saturn’s center. d) Saturn’s atmosphere contains methane. e) Saturn can fuse hydrogen into helium in its core, like the Sun. Question 6 Saturn radiates even more excess energy than Jupiter because a) Saturn is still radiating heat left over from its formation. b) Saturn’s thick cloud layer contributes to a larger greenhouse effect. c) helium rain gives off heat as it falls toward Saturn’s center. d) Saturn’s atmosphere contains methane. e) Saturn can fuse hydrogen into helium in its core, like the Sun. Jupiter and Neptune also radiate excess heat, most likely left over from their formation. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 7 The two outer jovian planets appear bluish in color because Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) gaseous ammonia in their atmospheres absorbs blue light. b) methane absorbs red light. c) cold hydrogen reflects blue light. d) dust in their atmospheres scatters blue light, similar to Earth. Question 7 The two outer jovian planets appear bluish in color because Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) gaseous ammonia in their atmospheres absorbs blue light. b) methane absorbs red light. c) cold hydrogen reflects blue light. d) dust in their atmospheres scatters blue light, similar to Earth. Question 8 Which of these is TRUE about the seasons on Uranus? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) Its strange tilt produces extreme seasonal variations. b) With its tilt of 29°, Uranus has four seasons similar to those on Earth. c) It never shows any weather in its bland clouds. d) It spins so fast all seasons are the same. Question 8 Which of these is TRUE about the seasons on Uranus? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) Its strange tilt produces extreme seasonal variations. b) With its tilt of 29°, Uranus has four seasons similar to those on Earth. c) It never shows any weather in its bland clouds. d) It spins so fast all seasons are the same. Question 9 The magnetic fields of which two planets are most unusual? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) Jupiter and Neptune b) Jupiter and Saturn c) Jupiter and Earth d) Saturn and Earth e) Uranus and Neptune Question 9 The magnetic fields of which two planets are most unusual? a) Jupiter and Neptune b) Jupiter and Saturn c) Jupiter and Earth d) Saturn and Earth e) Uranus and Neptune Both Uranus and Neptune have fields that are off-center, and very inclined to their rotation axes. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 1 As their distance from Jupiter increases, the four Galilean satellites show a consistent Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) increase in density. b) increase in size. c) decrease in cratering. d) decrease in density. e) amount of cratering. Question 1 As their distance from Jupiter increases, the four Galilean satellites show a consistent a) increase in density. b) increase in size. c) decrease in cratering. d) decrease in density. e) amount of cratering. Like a miniature version of our solar system, Jupiter’s four large moons show a decrease in density as distance increases. Io is most dense of the four; Callisto is least dense. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 2 The surface of which jovian moon most resembles the pack ice of the Arctic Ocean? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) Europa b) Io c) Amalthea d) Ganymede e) Callisto Question 2 The surface of which jovian moon most resembles the pack ice of the Arctic Ocean? a) Europa b) Io c) Amalthea d) Ganymede e) Callisto Ice-filled surface cracks indicate an ocean may lie below. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 3 What is thought to cause Io’s volcanism? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) Jupiter’s magnetosphere b) Jupiter’s rapid rotation c) tidal stress from Jupiter and Europa d) radioactive decay from its core e) Io’s large mass and tectonic activity Question 3 What is thought to cause Io’s volcanism? a) Jupiter’s magnetosphere b) Jupiter’s rapid rotation c) tidal stress from Jupiter and Europa d) radioactive decay from its core e) Io’s large mass and tectonic activity Io is constantly “squeezed” by its huge neighbor as well as by companion moons, heating its interior. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 4 How was the ring of Jupiter discovered? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) by optical telescopic observers from Earth b) by Voyager I as it passed Jupiter c) by an occultation of a star d) by radar imaging using the Arecibo dish e) with the Hubble Space Telescope’s superior resolution Question 4 How was the ring of Jupiter discovered? a) by optical telescopic observers from Earth b) by Voyager I as it passed Jupiter c) by an occultation of a star d) by radar imaging using the Arecibo dish e) with the Hubble Space Telescope’s superior resolution Jupiter’s ring is composed of dark, dusty particles that were first seen when Voyager was past the planet, looking back toward the Sun. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 5 The Roche limit is defined as the critical Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) distance from a planet, inside of which a moon can be tidally destroyed. b) density that a moon can have and be solid. c) distance from a planet that a moon can experience synchronous rotation. d) mass a moon can have and still be classified as a moon. Question 5 The Roche limit is defined as the critical a) distance from a planet, inside of which a moon can be tidally destroyed. b) density that a moon can have and be solid. c) distance from a planet that a moon can experience synchronous rotation. d) mass a moon can have and still be classified as a moon. Saturn’s rings, as well as those of the other jovian planets, lie within its planet’s Roche limit. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 6 Shepherd satellites are defined as Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) satellites in the coma of a comet. b) moons that confine a narrow ring. c) a type of moon that orbits another moon. d) moons that share an orbit of another, larger moon. e) moons that orbit inside a system of rings. Question 6 Shepherd satellites are defined as Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) satellites in the coma of a comet. b) moons that confine a narrow ring. c) a type of moon that orbits another moon. d) moons that share an orbit of another, larger moon. e) moons that orbit inside a system of rings. Question 7 Why are the rings of Saturn so bright? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) They are made of frozen metallic hydrogen. b) They contain glassy beads expelled by volcanoes on Enceladus. c) They contain shiny bits of iron. d) Titan and other moons reflect additional glow onto the rings. e) They are made of relatively new ice. Question 7 Why are the rings of Saturn so bright? a) They are made of frozen metallic hydrogen. b) They contain glassy beads expelled by volcanoes on Enceladus. c) They contain shiny bits of iron. d) Titan and other moons reflect an additional glow onto the rings. e) They are made of relatively new ice. Saturn’s rings are perhaps only 50 million years old, the result of a small moon coming within the planet’s Roche limit. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 8 Which moon in the solar system shows a dense atmosphere? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) our Moon b) Phobos c) Europa d) Titan e) Triton Question 8 Which moon in the solar system shows a dense atmosphere? a) our Moon b) Phobos c) Europa d) Titan e) Triton The Huygens probe, deployed by the Cassini spacecraft in 2005, showed that Titan’s atmosphere has a complex organic chemistry. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 9 Which of the Uranian moons displays the widest range of surface terrains, suggesting some catastrophic disruption? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) Puck b) Umbriel c) Oberon d) Miranda e) Ariel Question 9 Which of the Uranian moons displays the widest range of surface terrains, suggesting some catastrophic disruption? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) Puck b) Umbriel c) Oberon d) Miranda e) Ariel Question 10 The rings of Neptune Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) were confirmed by Voyager 2 in 1989. b) appear both narrow and diffuse. c) all lie within Neptune’s Roche limit. d) often appear as clumpy ring arcs, rather than complete and symmetrical rings. e) All of these are correct. Question 10 The rings of Neptune Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) were confirmed by Voyager 2 in 1989. b) appear both narrow and diffuse. c) all lie within Neptune’s Roche limit. d) often appear as clumpy ring arcs, rather than complete and symmetrical rings. e) All of these are correct. Question 11 Neptune’s moon Triton shows Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) a thick atmosphere similar to Titan. b) volcanic features similar to those on Io. c) cratering similar to that of Callisto. d) large cliffs similar to Miranda. e) All of the above are correct. Question 11 Neptune’s moon Triton shows a) a thick atmosphere similar to Titan. b) volcanic features similar to those on Io. c) cratering similar to that of Callisto. d) large cliffs similar to Miranda. e) All of the above are correct. Triton has a thin atmosphere, active geysers of nitrogen gas, large fissures, and frozen lakes of water ice. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 12 Many astronomers believe Pluto is perhaps best classified as Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) a cold terrestrial planet. b) a small jovian planet. c) a large Kuiper belt object. d) a wandering moon. e) a captured comet. Question 12 Many astronomers believe Pluto is perhaps best classified as a) a cold terrestrial planet. b) a small jovian planet. c) a large Kuiper belt object. d) a wandering moon. e) a captured comet. Several other large Kuiper belt objects have been discovered, including the largest known, called Eris. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Question 13 Which of these moons are most exciting to exobiologists? Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. a) Io and Enceladus b) Titan and Europa c) Titan and Triton d) Europa and Miranda e) Phobos and Deimos Question 13 Which of these moons are most exciting to exobiologists? a) Io and Enceladus b) Titan and Europa c) Titan and Triton d) Europa and Miranda e) Phobos and Deimos Titan shows evidence of channels under its dense atmosphere. Europa has indications of liquid water beneath the ice. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.