* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download GEARS Workshop Monday - Georgia Southern University
History of astronomy wikipedia , lookup
Fermi paradox wikipedia , lookup
Geocentric model wikipedia , lookup
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems wikipedia , lookup
Space Interferometry Mission wikipedia , lookup
Aquarius (constellation) wikipedia , lookup
Nebular hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
Planets beyond Neptune wikipedia , lookup
Astronomical naming conventions wikipedia , lookup
Circumstellar habitable zone wikipedia , lookup
Directed panspermia wikipedia , lookup
Formation and evolution of the Solar System wikipedia , lookup
Planets in astrology wikipedia , lookup
Rare Earth hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
Dwarf planet wikipedia , lookup
History of Solar System formation and evolution hypotheses wikipedia , lookup
Astrobiology wikipedia , lookup
Late Heavy Bombardment wikipedia , lookup
Definition of planet wikipedia , lookup
IAU definition of planet wikipedia , lookup
Kepler (spacecraft) wikipedia , lookup
Exoplanetology wikipedia , lookup
Timeline of astronomy wikipedia , lookup
GEARS Workshop Thursday 2012 Warm Up • Howdy! • Please add some more thoughts to paper evals • Please complete your morning warmup Parking lot Transit of Venus • http://transitofvenus.org/education/teacherresources Microobservatory – has lots of images of Transit of Venus – June 5, 2012 Software link on your flash drive http://mowww.harvard.edu/jsp/servlet/MO .ID.ImageDirectory • • • • • • Switching GEARS from Supernova and Fusion Search for extra solar planets This is looking for planets around other stars Not looking for objects orbiting the Sun There is an app for that And the resource for all things planet searchy: http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/ Engage: Demonstration • Take a look at ONE of these ways to represent a star with a planet as seen from a distant observer on Earth (hint for leaders – use a light bulb…) • Brainstorm ways to find planets based on this information Engage: Planet demos • Brainstorm how you might detect planets. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WApazS6-mu4 [email protected] [email protected] after May 1 Kepler Mission • • • • Staring at a part of the sky for 3.5 years Watching the brightness of stars Looks for dimming of light from star Periodically! Make some predictions • • • • See the daily agenda – 9:35 am slot. (or next slide) Think about why you are making your predictions Spend less than 7 minutes on your predictions Write down your predictions AND YOUR REASONING! Which type of system make it easier to find planets using this technique. If it doesn't matter, write EQUAL CHANCE 1. Less massive stars or more massive stars. 2. Planets with orbits that are closer to circular or highly elliptical orbits. 3. Face-on orbits or edge-on orbits. 4. Small diameter planets or large diameter planets. 5. Small mass planets or large mass planets. 6. Planets close to star or planets far from star. Now test your predictions Explore: Transit Simulator • Semi-major axis – average distance from star – see ellipse definition • Eccentricity – ellipticity – or deviation from round – see ellipse definition • Inclination – how much plane of orbit tilts as seen from Earth. Face-on = 0 degrees. Edge on = 90. • Longitude – angle that plane of orbit seen by earth – think 2-D ellipse that you aren’t looking at from short or long axis – but at an angle Discuss • What definition did your group use for easier to find? Easier to find • % flux change – bigger easier to see • Frequency of dip – must balance between the orbital period (e.g. 100 years vs. 1 year) and the fraction of the orbital period the star is blocked. • Need to discuss normalized flux – 100% of star light seen vs 99%. • Other simulator used 0.1 instead of .99 to represent a 1% drop. Thinking about teaching • How can using a simulation help students understand science? After play with sim • Create a hypothesis • Write a hypothesis in the form of "If xxx massive stars make it easier to find planets then I expect to see ________." What is your independent variable? What is your dependent variable? What are your controlled variables? • What have you used as a structure or model to help build your hypothesis? (i.e. what reasons do you have for believing your hypothesis?) Compare hypothesis • What types of questions might your students come up with? • Is this suitable for a science fair? • What constitutes a testable hypothesis? • Where does this activity this fall on the Rigor & Relevance Framework? Good vs. Testable Hypothesis • Hypothesis: If it is easier to find massive planets then I expect to see more massive planets. • Testable with simulator or no? • Discuss Testable hypotheses vs. Good questions to ask. Elaborate: Kepler Flash • Assign multiple people to examine same star to be able to compare answers. • Form to complete for answers. • Compare your results to someone else’s with same object Evaluate: Graphing Kepler Data in Excel • Now it is time to use the real deal Kepler - Period • Multiple ways to decide the period. • Group discussion about what those methods are. Kepler Peer Review • Compare results with other participants who had the same planet. • Provide a formal review of their results on your whiteboard. Kepler Planet - answers The Atlas • http://exep.jpl.nasa.gov/atlas/atlas_index.cfm • (from http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov) % difference, % error • Is it appropriate to calculate the percent difference or % error of your results with the astronomically published results in this case? • Discuss in groups. Citizen Science & Kepler data • http://www.planethunters.org/ • Kepler data for your own investigations – published quarterly • A list (in Excel format) of candidates is published (as of Apr 2011) in directory: http://archdev.stsci.edu/pub/kepler/catalogs/ Kepler candidates • Or from link on News page http://archive.stsci.edu/kepler/ • If you visit the html version – you can click on the candidate and plot the light curves from publicly accessible data. (Only the EX – not the STKS) Corrected, Uncorrected Demonstration #2 • Brainstorm some ways to detect planets using this demonstration as inspiration. • Hand out set of demonstrations for each person. Radial velocity • Vs. tangential • Video – introduction • http://planetquest1.jpl.nasa.gov/Planet_Finde r/planetfinder.html • And Radial velocity • Requires sound Doppler Shift • • • • • Introduction to Doppler shift of light Redshift Blueshift From radial velocity link in Planet Quest video Must use spectral lines – otherwise is just continuous shift to continuous… • http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu.edu/hbase/sound/dopp.html#c3 Doppler Shift Lecture Tutorial • Complete this exercise in groups of 2 to 3. • This is designed to be completed while you are discussing with other people. • This is not designed to be completed on your own. (despite the fact we keep assigning them as homework) Doppler Shift Misconception • Summarize – depending on where are – ABC red, yellow, blue stars – Or spacecraft/planets Habitable Zone • Define it based on your understanding from the simulation • Whiteboard and defend your definition Scientific definitions • Mutually agreed upon by many Habitable zone • Defined as location in a solar system in which a planetary surface could support liquid water • Does not include greenhouse effect heating (like on Earth) • Does not include tidal heating – such as on Europa Why liquid water? • Ties to other disciplines – chemistry, biology Other speculations • What else might be required for life? • Might we find life? • How might we look? Carbon based/Silicon based • How can a discussion of habitable zone be used in biology, chemistry, physics? Habitable Zones • Presentations.. Of various levels of difficulty • http://lasp.colorado.edu/~espoclass/homework/.../Astr3300_ sept14_18.ppt • www.mpia-hd.mpg.de/EXTRA2005/talks/Franck.ppt • http://phobos.physics.uiowa.edu/~kaaret/sgu.../L07_extrasol arplanets2.ppt • SETI Institute Resources for Educators. http://www.seti.org/seti-educators • (look what you could do next summer… http://www.seti.org/seti-educators/asset ) Making connections • Does this content tie to anything you teach? In 2020, a spacecraft lands on Europa and melts its way through the ice into the Europan ocean. It finds numerous strange, living microbes, along with a few larger organisms that feed on the microbes. a. b. c. d. This is likely because biosignatures were already detected on Europa by the Voyager 2 spacecraft. This could happen because there is evidence for an ocean underneath the icy surface of Europa and water is a good place to look for life. This is fantasy because it would take more than 10 years for a spacecraft to reach Jupiter using current rocket technology. This is fantasy because the X-ray emission from Jupiter has effectively sterilized all the moons around it.