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Foundations of the Renaissance 1450-1750 Lesson 2 Main Ideas: • Trade & knowledge from the east allowed Italian cities to lead the Renaissance • The Renaissance redefined the world view of Europeans • The role and abilities of man became emphasized during the Renaissance What Was “The Renaissance”? • Renaissance: French for “Rebirth” • Marks the rebirth of European culture and development • Defined by a renewed interest in the “classical world” (Greece & Rome) Origins of the “Rebirth” • The Crusades: knowledge & material wealth of Asia • Scholasticism: Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, & the Medieval universities • Crises of the 14th Century: the Black Death, weakening Church, growing monarchies • Economic Revival: towns & trade, end to manorialism, the Italian city-states The Italian City-States • Florence, Pisa, Venice, Milan, Siena • Active in Mediterranean trade—merchants over feudal monarchs • Import & sell Asian goods in Europe (CNN Millennium clip) • Tolerance of new ideas & latitude from Church What Do the Italians Contribute? • Merits of the Individual: dominant merchant class thrived on making their own success (opposite of nobility) • Civic Pride: success depends on city—if it dies, so do you • Patronage: wealthy sponsored art to demonstrate importance & glorify city Renaissance Philosophy • Antithesis of Medieval philosophy • Humanism: called for focus on classical influences & human potential and achievement • Secularism: concern with the present day and worldly goods and issues-fed demand for luxury & beauty • Patronage: act of financing artistic endeavors “Renaissance Man” • Baldassare Castiglione, The Courtier • Goal of all people of this era • Society demanded that everyone become adept at everything (universal genius) • Antithesis of Medieval Man • Leonardo da Vinci “Renaissance Man”