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Transcript
The Renaissance Botticelli’s Birth of Venus What Was the Renaissance? • Key period of European history (1350-1550) • “Rebirth” of ancient Greek/Roman culture • Began in Italy, spread through Europe – Urban society, powerful city-states – Secularism: worldly? • Period of Recovery – from what? • New view of humanity – Individual achievement, free will – Higher regard for human worth Italian Renaissance Politics • Italian States – Milan, Venice, Florence • Controlled by merchant families • Gained massive wealth & power • Machiavelli – The Prince • How to gain & keep political power • Human nature over ethical principles • Self-centered approach Intellectual & Artistic Renaissance • Humanism – Based of study of ancient Greece & Rome – Results in secularism • appreciation of worldly pleasures – Humanities • Philosophy, history, grammar, poetry – Appreciate the individual, free will – Emphasize education (path to virtue) – Felt tension between studies and religion (Catholics) Intellectual & Artistic Renaissance • Humanism (cont.) – Petrarch (14th c) • Search for classical manuscripts • Return to classical Latin • Intellectual life is one of solitude – 15th century Humanism • Intellectual must live for the state • Contribute to better society Intellectual & Artistic Renaissance • Renaissance Art – Frescoes by Masaccio • Added depth and 3D – Study of human anatomy – Sculpture & architecture inspired by classical Rome • Brunelleschi in Florence Intellectual & Artistic Renaissance • Renaissance Art (cont.) – High Renaissance – Leonardo da Vinci • Strived to paint perfection of nature and the individual – Mona Lisa, The Last Supper – Raphael • School of Athens – Michelangelo • Sistine Chapel • David