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Chapter 1 - Section 1 NOTES #1: THE RENAISSANCE IN ITALY THE THREE AGES Classical Age (700 B.C.-476 A.D.) Middle Age (Medieval Period 476-1300) Modern Age- begins with the Renaissance (1300-modern day) THE FIRST AGE – THE CLASSICAL AGE 800 B.C. (Before Christ) – 476 A.D. ( Anno Domini {In the year of our Lord or after the birth of Christ}) Began in Greece and spread to Rome and then throughout Europe The Civilization is marked by beautiful works of art and architecture, beliefs in the potential of Man, Ideas of freedom and democracy, and advances in the sciences THE SECOND AGE – THE MIDDLES AGES MEDIEVAL PERIOD Begins 476 A.D. With the fall of the Roman Empire Ends around 1300 A.D. with the beginning of the Renaissance Occurred throughout Europe. The Middle Ages are broken into Two parts: The Early Middle Ages from 476 A.D. to about 1000A.D. Te High Middle Ages from 1000 A.D. to about 1300 A.D. The Middle Ages are marked by chaos, a lack of organized government, decreased trade, lawlessness, increased warfare, a loss of Classic Ideals, and a decrease in the level of art MODERN AGE The modern age brings “rebirth” of classical culture. This “rebirth” is known as the Renaissance. This “rebirth” begin in Italy. BRAIN BREAK: THINK – PAIR – SHARE The Renaissance is a “rebirth” of the Classics. Relating to you: Would you go back 100 years when there was no indoor bathrooms, no electricity, no equal rights, and no modern conveniences? Why then would the modern thinkers of the 1300’s want to return a thousand years to the culture of the Classical Age? WHY ITALY? The Renaissance sees its beginnings in Italy. Why Italy? Center of trade in Europe Very urban- breeding ground for new ideas Center of the old Roman Empire Ancient Ruins everywhere Had the wealth needed for an artistic and intellectual movement. A patron family, the Medici family, that supported the Arts. WHY WERE ITALIAN CITY-STATES SO RICH AND POWERFUL AROUND 1300 A.D.? 1. Rise of Wealth through renewed trade with the East 2. Large City-States sold specialized products Milan – Metal goods Venice – Asian goods Florence – Banks 3. European monarchs & nobles took loans from Florentine bankers 4. Political isolation of Italy HOW DID FLORENCE BECOME THE MOST INFLUENTIAL CITY-STATE? Strong industry (even after the Black Death) Sold luxury items from the East. Sold insurance Created banks for loans and currency A patron family, the Medici family, that supported the Arts. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RENAISSANCE: 1. Antiquities: Renaissance brought a renewed interest in the learning of Greece & Rome. There was a belief that the Classics could help in problem solving. Renaissance artwork found inspiration in artwork from the Greeks CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RENAISSANCE: 2. Individualism Emphasized individual achievement and that people could be talented in many areas Believed in a spirit of adventure & experimentation – this encouraged people to explore new things. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RENAISSANCE: 3. Learning Believed education would stimulate the mind. Humanism: an Intellectual movement that stressed the importance of education Study of the Humanities - grammar, history, rhetoric, language & poetry Relied on human experiences to expand one’s education. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RENAISSANCE: 4. Secularism / Worldliness Involved a move away from a God centered world Included a strong desire to accumulate wealth Themes of Renaissance art extended beyond religious subject matter CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RENAISSANCE 5. Reform: Many wanted to reform the abuses of the Medieval Roman Catholic Church Wanted This to see reform to church doctrine or beliefs led to the Protestant Reformation