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The Renaissance An Intellectual Revolution The Renaissance Defined • Renaissance = REBIRTH • What was reborn? • An interest in the CLASSICAL WORLD • Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome The Renaissance • Where did the Renaissance begin? • Italy (circa 1350) • Where did the Renaissance flourish? • Florence, Italy during the 1400’s The Renaissance • Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy? • Ruins of the ancient world were still starkly visible in Italy • “New” ideas reached Italy before reaching other areas The Renaissance • Small city states competed with one another for trade & prestige • Florence, Genoa, Venice, Milan, Rome Renaissance Italy The Renaissance • During the Renaissance the interest in modeling classical antiquity led to a new intellectual movement called HUMANISM • Affected literature, art, architecture education & society The Renaissance • Humanism: • An intellectual movement that focused on individuality, human potential & achievement • Wanted to use & understand classical values Money, Money, Money? Renaissance Support • Who supported the Renaissance? • Wealthy bankers, Italian nobles & the Papacy • Known as PATRONS of the arts • PATRON – one who provided financial support for the arts Italian Renaissance Writers Italian Renaissance Writers • Petrarch: • Father of Humanism • Collector & translator of ancient manuscripts • Promoted the study of classical Latin & Greek Italian Renaissance Writers • Wrote in the vernacular • Song Book: • Most famous work • A collection of poems about Laura • (Who was Laura?) Italian Renaissance Writers • Machiavelli: • Wrote The Prince • Advised rulers on how to govern Italian Renaissance Writers • According to The Prince: • Primary goal – to keep power • The ends justify the means • Use any means necessary to achieve your goal The Renaissance Interrupted The Renaissance Interrupted • The Italian Renaissance was interrupted by invasion & wars • Eventually the ideas of the Italian Renaissance spread to other nations • Outside of Italy it was called the Northern Renaissance The Northern Renaissance The Northern Renaissance • Factors that aided the spread: • Wars & fighting • Trade • Italian Universities • The invention of the printing press (Johannes Gutenberg) Northern Renaissance Writers • Thomas More: • Wrote Utopia • A “perfect society” on an imaginary island • Meant to call attention to inequities in English society Northern Renaissance Writers • Wrote about the depth of human emotion & the dilemma of trying to do right in a confusing world • Fatal Character Flaw: • A quality (often good) that a character has in excess Northern Renaissance Writers • William Shakespeare: • English Playwright • Tragedies, comedies & histories