Download 13. Renaissance

THE RENAISSANCE
AN END TO FEUDALISM AND A
REBIRTH OF GREECO-ROMAN
CULTURE AND SOCIETY IN
WESTERN EUROPE
VOCABULARY
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HUMANISM
SECULAR
PATRON
PERSPECTIVE
VERNACULAR
PRINTING PRESS
GUTTENBERG BIBLE
Why Italy?
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Crusaders passed goods through
Took lead while England & France
fought Hundred Years War
Roman heritage all about them
Thriving city-states and merchants
Merchants & The Medici Family
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Northern Italy highly urbanized
Merchants were wealthiest class and
dominated politics of city-states
Success through merit – not birth
Medici family were supreme patrons
THE RENAISSANCE MAN
• CHARMING, WITTY, WELL-EDUCATED IN THE CLASSICS
OF GREECE AND ROME
• HE SHOULD BE ABLE TO DANCE, SING AND PLAY MANY
INSTRUMENTS
• HE SHOULD COMPOSE MUSIC AND POETRY
• HE SHOULD BE ATHLETIC, A SKILLED RIDER AND
TRAINED IN THE ART OF WAR
• ABOVE ALL ELSE, A RENAISSANCE MAN WILL HAVE
POISE, GRACE AND SELF-CONTROL
THE RENAISSANCE WOMAN
• A RENAISSANCE WOMAN WOULD BE SKILLED IN
THE CLASSICS AND BE CHARMING AS WELL
• A RENAISSANCE WOMAN WILL INSPIRE ART BUT
NOT CREATE IT HERSELF
• A RENAISSANCE WOMAN WOULD BE MUCH
MORE WORLDLY (SECULAR) THAN HER
MEDIEVAL CONTERPART
THE QUNTESEENTIAL RENAISSANCE MAN
• LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452 – 1519)
• HE WAS A SCULPTOR, PAINTER, INVENTOR,
SCIENTIST, POLITICIAN, ANATOMIST, BIOLOGIST,
BOTANIST
• HIS FAMOUS WORK “THE MONA LISA” IS AN
EXAMPLE OF THE REALISM IN RENAISSANCE
ART
MICHAELANGELO
• MICHAELANGELO WAS ALSO A POET, PAINTER,
SCULPTOR AND ARCHIETECT
• HIS MAJOR WORKS INCLUDE “DAVID”, THE
SISTINE CHAPEL AND THE DOME OF ST.
PETER’S BASCILLICA
RAPHAEL (1483 – 1520)
• Advanced realism in art.
• “Madonna” and “Baby Jesus” reflect that
religious themes were still popular, but
declining.
• His work “School of Athens” is a great
homage to Greek culture. It was painted in
the Pope’s library
http://www.vhinkle.com/renaissan
ce/raphael.html
RENAISSANCE LITERATURE
• Renaissance literature was much more
secular than religious themed literature
• Self-expression, individualism, “how to” books
were often topics along poetry
• Renaissance writers
– Wrote in vernacular
– Used printing press
– Read by wider audiences
MACHIEVELLI
• The first European political scientist
• Made guidelines for successful rulers
• His book “The Prince” (1513) shows humans as
fickle, selfish and corrupt.
• “The ends justify the means”
• No morals or ethics – only results
PETRARCH
One of the earliest humanists
Exceptional poet especially sonnets
(14 line poems)
BOCCACCIO
Wrote “Decameron” an off-color story of
secular, Florentine youths who wait out
the plague.
Presents the characters as human and
fallible
THE RENAISSANCE HEADS TO
NORTHERN EUROPE
• Trade routes helped to spread the Renaissance
ideals from the city states of Northern Italy to the
nations of England, France and Germany
• The Hundred Years War also helped the cultural
diffusion that was rapidly integrating the continent
Christian Humanists
Erasmus
Emphasized Bible study – not rituals
Thomas More
Wrote “Utopia” about an ideal society of no war,
famine, greed or corruption
ALBERT DURER
• He produced woodcuts and engravings
often of a religious theme or a
mythological theme
HANS HOLBEIN
• A portrait painter that produced almost
life like detail – the style of “realism”
JAN VAN ECYK
• He helped to spark the realism movement which
portrayed people in everyday life
• He also developed the layering techniques of
applying layers of paints to produce shades and hues
that were more accurate and true to life
PETER BRUGEL
• Famous for his paintings of common
life – weddings, peasants, dances,
harvests.
THE MAN, THE MYTH, THE
LEGEND: SHAKESPEARE
• The greatest playwright of the English language he
explored and expressed “the human condition” in
riveting dramas, comedies and tragedies
• Gave “voice” to the Elizabethan Age
Romeo & Juliet
Romeo & Juliet, a tragedy is adapted from the politics
and intrigues of the Medicci family
Has become a classic of theatre
Printing Press
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Johann Guttenberg around 1440 in
Germany
Movable type was a Chinese invention
Made knowledge distribution cheaper,
accurate and fast sparking literacy
Legacy of the Renaissance
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Greco Roman revival
Vernacular usage
Celebration of the individual
Encouraged a questioning spirit
Greater knowledge / literacy and desire for learning
Law and commerce and cartography expand
Christian humanists attempt reforms of society