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Download 113 Chapter 15 section 1 The Italian Renaissance
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Transcript
Chapter 15 section 1 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE KEY TERMS Renaissance Humanism Secular Baldassare Castiglione Niccolo Machievelli Lorenzo Medici Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Buonarroti Raphael CHANGES IN SOCIETY Black Death weakened Europe Lower population meant food surplus Price declined Europe began to specialize in agriculture products England wool Germany grain THE RISE OF CITY-STATES Urban areas started to specialize Venice, Milan, Florence bustled with commerce Church, nobles merchants and artisans dominate Painting, sculpture, architecture increased ti display wealth THE RISE OF CITY STATES Venice had access to the sea Traded around the Mediterranean Venetian merchants some of the wealthiest in the world Used wealth to build a unique city The Rise of City-States Milan economy was agriculture, silk, and weapons Florence was famous for its banking Monarchs asked Florence banks for money for war Merchants refined wool to sell abroad Florence rivaled all over Europe RENAISSANCE IDEAS Means rebirth Thriving cities, increased trade, wealthy merchant class Renewed interest in learning Remarkable developments in art, literature, science and learning INSPIRATION FROM THE ANCIENTS Carried Greek scholars Seeking refuge from Ottomans Brought works of ancient writers New ideas to Italian who could read Began to think of classical thinkers HUMANISM Characteristics of a good education Education gives way to the classics Rhetoric, grammar, poetry, history, and Latin Humanism- humanities are the above subjects HUMANISM Church teachings were individuality and achievement unimportant Humanists- emphasized the individual Human potential unlimited Giovanni Mirandola – wrote of the importance of the human mind HUMANISM Dante Alighieri- roots of humanism Focus on human nature Giovanni Boccaccio and Francesco Petrarch Wrote in the vernacular Advances in medicine Leonardo da Vinci- study of anatomy Progress in astronomy SECULAR WRITERS Church no longer provided stability Looking for comfort and guidance Petrarch’s ideas Secular- they had worldly instead of spiritual view SECULAR WRITERS Individual achievement and education to be used in service to the city Renaissance manuniversal man respond to all situations BALDSASSARE CASTIGLIONE 1528 (Courtier) About gentlemen and women How they should act Speak on serious and amusing subject Knowledge of Greek and Latin Well acquainted with poetry and history Write prose and poetry NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI From Florence Political philosopher and statesman Experience with violent politics Wrote the Prince Seemed to encourage harsh treatment of people NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI Describes man as Ungrateful Fickle Liars, deceivers Advises rulers to separate morals and politics Power and ruthlessness NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI Must do whatever to maintain political power “the end justifies the means” State was separate from the ruler Became foundation for later political philosophy SCIENCE AND THE RENAISSANCE Found scientific information in Arab texts New ideas about the natural world Science was becoming important Challenged church’s teaching on the world SCIENCE AND THE RENAISSANCE Claimed earth was not the center of the universe Nicholas Copernicussuggested the sun was the center Planets orbit the stars Galileo Galilei wrote earth orbited the sun He was arrested by church officials RENAISSANCE ART Depicted things in nature Artists worked for the highest bidders Wealthy individuals, city governments, church Competition to who could display the most art Renaissance Art Florence had the Medici family Lorenzo de Medici well educated poet supported artists Styles and Techniques Paint natural world as realistically as possible Perspective- artist represent a three dimensional object on flat surfaces Religious paintings focused human personality and religious signicnace Styles and Techniques Style of buildings affected by humanism Reverence for Greek culture Public buildings had columns And domes Both inspired by Greek and Roman architecture Leonardo da Vinci Talented painter, writer, inventor, architect, engineer, mathematician, Last Supper, night before crucifixion Mona Lisa, complexity of human spirit Flying machine, tank, human anatomy sketches, machine gun, threads on screws Michelangelo Age 24 sculpted the Pieta Mary holding Jesus Themes of love, grief, acceptance and immortality David 13 foot statue Represents human form Depth of expression Painted Cistine Chapel MICHELANGELO Painted the Sistine Chapel Scenes of the Old Testament Greatest artistic achievement Painted on his back less than 4 feet from the ceiling Raphael School of Athens (Fresco) Made of fresh moist plaster Shows Aristotle and Plato surrounded by philosophers past and present Paintings of the Madonna and Jesus Bramante Chosen architect of Rome Designed Saint Peter’s Basilica Influenced the appearance of much smaller churches
