Download Renaissance ppt (fall 2012)

Warm-up
List three effects of the Black Death?
1.

Asdahsjdh

Ashkashkajs

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2.
What do you think the word ‘Renaissance’ means?
3.
Write down all you know or have ever heard about the
Renaissance?
The European Renaissance…
1350- mid 16th century
Causes of the Renaissance

During the Late middle ages, Europe
suffered from both war and plague.

Those who survived need something
to live for, to make them happy again.

They wanted to celebrate the life and
the human spirit
The Renaissance

means “rebirth”

European Renaissance (1300-1600s):
 rebirth of ideas and culture
reminiscent of Greece & Rome
 Started in Italy
 The Renaissance followed the Middle
Ages

Primary development in urban centers
(cities)
Why Italy?
1.
Thriving cities
2.
A wealthy merchant
class
3.
Classical heritage of
Greece and Rome
Florence, Italy



main Italian city-state (a city and its
surrounding lands functioning as an
independent political unit) where
Renaissance began
 Became wealthiest city-state
Renaissance ideas spread from Italy
to other European locations
 Venice used its coastal location for
international trade
Crusades opened up trade in the
Mediterranean Sea
Renaissance…
Political Importance:
-society was mainly run by wealthy merchant
families
-ex: The Medici- powerful banking family in
Florence
 Economic Importance:
-these families traded w/ many other countries
and spread Renaissance “ideas”
-traded w/ Byzantine & Islamic Empires,
England & the Netherlands

Renaissance…
Social Importance:
 time of recovery from Black Plague
& political instability
 Italian thinkers emphasized
humanism

Humanism: focus on importance of
the individual & positive human
qualities

The Renaissance put more emphasis
on the work and worth of the
individual
Looking to Greece and
Rome
1.
The artists and scholars of Italy drew
inspiration from the ruins of Rome that
surrounded them.
2.
Western scholars studied ancient Latin
manuscripts that had been preserved in
monasteries.
3.
Christian scholars in Constantinople fled to
Rome with Greek manuscripts when the
Turks conquered Constantinople in 1453.
Humanists

Focus on human potential and achievements

Instead of trying to make classical texts agree with
Christian teachings, as medieval scholars had,
humanists studied them to understand ancient Greek
values.

Popularized the study of subjects common to
classical education, such as history, literature, and
philosophy. These subjects are called the humanities.
“Renaissance Man”

During this period Renaissance writers introduced the idea
that all educated people were expected to create art. In fact,
the individual should strive to excel in almost every area of
study.

Someone who excels in multiple fields/ has many talents is
considered a ‘Renaissance Man’

He should be charming, witty, and well educated in the classics. He
should dance, sing, play music, and write poetry. In addition he
should be a skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman!

Modern Day examples

Will Smith
Justin Timberlake
Who else can you think of ?


Time out! Review

What 3 advantages promoted the Renaissance
developing in Italy?

Humanism focused on what?

Renaissance means? Of what?
Warm-up
1.
What was a result of the Commercial Revolution?
2.
The issue over lay investiture was about?
3.
The act of __________, which means selling of
church positions, although illegal was practiced a
lot in the early middle ages.
4.
Define Vernacular
5.
This document limited the king’s power in England
Machiavelli

“Renaissance Man” from Florence

Political Importance:

He wrote The Prince
 Most writers emphasized the importance
of monarchs ruling according to
Christian ethics and principles
 He believed monarchs should rule
according to what was best for everyone,
not according to Christian principles per
se.
 A king or prince might have to trick his
enemies and even his own people for the
good of the state
 Machiavelli was not concerned with
what was morally right, but with what
was politically effective.
Petrarch
“The father of Humanism”

Believed God gave people
intelligence & talents that
should be used to the fullest in
all aspects of life

Credited with perfecting the
sonnet (14 line poem)

Known for being one of the first
people to refer to the Dark Ages
Dante

Wrote humanist literature in common everyday
language of the time

Widely considered to be “father of the Italian
language” b/c of the local dialect he used

Wrote the Divine Comedy


On the surface the poem describes Dante's
travels through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven;
but at a deeper level it represents the soul's
journey towards God. His search for
Salvation
Dante’s inferno
Erasmus

Best known Christian Humanist

Believed in reforming Catholic Church
from within and ending corruption

Wrote the Praise of Folly. This book
poked fun at greedy merchants,
heartsick lovers, quarrelsome scholars
and pompous priests.

Taught that obedience to the Bible and
sincere devotion to God were more
important than religious rituals
Warm-up

Johannus Gutenburg was famous for doing what?

Who was Saladin and what were the “great things
Christians will remember” him doing?
Which statement concerning the Renaissance in
Europe is based on opinion rather than on fact?

a.
b.
c.
d.
Literature began to appear in languages other than
Latin.
The art of the Northern Renaissance was superior
to that of the Italian Renaissance.
Art reflected the ideas of humanism and
individualism.
Art produced during the Renaissance had religious
as well as secular themes.
Heroes in a Half Shell

When you think Renaissance artists think
of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles,
because they were named after them.

Michelangelo

Donatello

Leonardo

Raphael

They were sculptors, poets, architects and
painters

Renaissance art ppt
Donatello

Made sculptor more realistic by
carving natural postures and
expressions that reveal personality.

Considered the greatest sculptor before
Michelangelo
Raphael
Younger than Michelangelo and Leonardo
Famous for his use of perspective-shows
3 dimensions on a flat surface
Leonardo da Vinci





Original “Renaissance Man”
Expert in painting, sculpting,
engineering, physics, anatomy, etc.
Interested in how things worked
He studied the human body and how it
works and then incorporated his
findings into his art.
Thought of many inventions that
couldn’t actually be built until the 20th
century
Leonardo da Vinci…
Most famous works of art:

Mona Lisa

The
Vitruvian
Man
The Last Supper
Michelangelo
 Renaissance
artist
 Best known for idealized
paintings & sculptures of the
human form
 Created human images to reflect
the “divine beauty of God”
The Sistine
Chapel
David
Sistine Chapel

Official residence of the Pope in
Vatican City

Michelangelo painted 12,000 sq. feet
of the chapel ceiling from 1508-1512

Originally the ceiling was painted
blue with gold stars

Michelangelo was originally
intimidated by the whole thing and
preferred to decline- he considered
himself more of a sculptor than a
painter
Review Time
1.
How did Italy’s cities help make it the
birthplace of the Renaissance?
2.
What does it mean to be a “Renaissance
man”?
3.
What are the main characteristics of
Humanism?
4.
Give me one cause of the Renaissance.
The Protestant Reformation…
Prior to this, the Catholic Church had dominated religious practice & politics in Europe for
hundreds of years…
Protestant Reformation

During the Middle Ages the Catholic Church
possessed tremendous political power

This was a movement against certain practices of the
Catholic Church

It was called Protestant because in 1529 a number of
German princes Protested efforts by the Catholic
emperor to impose Catholicism to all the territories
in Germany.

So where did Protestantism come from?
Martin Luther

Note: He is not black, he IS NOT MARTIN
LUTHER KING JR

Catholic monk & professor

Began to disagree with many aspects of
Catholicism

Ex: selling indulgences. what is this?
-believed people could only have salvation by
mercy of God, not by doing good deeds like
Catholic church said
Martin Luther…
 Eventually
broke away from
Catholic church
 Publicly posted, printed, &
distributed his 95 Theses which
attacked Catholic practices
Martin Luther…
 His
ideas became a catalyst for
the Protestant Reformation
 Lutheranism (named after
Martin Luther) developed as the
1st Protestant faith
John Calvin

He’s in Switzerland

Early convert to Protestantism

Wrote summary of Protestant beliefs, established
him as leader within the faith

Believed in predestination, God is all powerful &
has already decided who will receive salvation &
who will not

Eventually “Calvinism” became the foundation for
the Presbyterian church
Henry VIII

King of England

Wanted to divorce his wife because she had yet to
give him a male heir. Is this ok?

Established Protestant Church in England called the
Anglican Church

Let him divorce his wife, but other than that kept
many of the same ideas as the Catholic Church
Elizabeth I

Queen of England, daughter of Henry VIII

Turned her father’s Anglican Church into a moderate
form of Protestantism during her reign as Queen

Her reign is known as the Elizabethan Era
characterized by the flourishing of English Dramas
and the works of men like William Shakespeare.
Johannes Gutenberg

Printed 1st Bible in Europe with movable type

Movable type- allowed ideas of Protestant
Reformation to spread rapidly

New printing industry- encouraged more people to
learn/read

Gave people more access to religious texts &
literature
The Counter Reformation
a.k.a- Catholic Reformation
The Jesuits
 Group
of Catholics who wanted to
restore Catholicism to those areas
in Europe who had converted to
Protestantism
 Missionaries, took a vow of
allegiance to the Pope
 Recognized as new religious order
within Catholicism
 Using education, restored
Catholicism to many areas in
Europe
Council of Trent
 Body
of Catholic Bishops
 Met over 18 year period to work
on reforming corrupt practices in
Catholicism
 Upheld the idea that good works
were required for salvation, &
use of indulgences
Age of Exploration
Look at Packet. Notice the different
explorers and their routes they took.
Mercantilism
 Based
on idea that countries need a large
supply of gold & silver to have prosperity
 Countries gain gold & silver by exporting
goods
 European countries used their colonies to
their advantage
 “God, Gold and Glory” Served as major
motivations for European Expansion
Mercantilism…
European colonies provided raw
materials to their “mother” countries
 European countries sent finished
goods back to the colonies
 This trading method benefited
colonies & the European countries

Columbian Exchange
 Large-scale
exchange of plants, diseases,
animals, and people
 Exchange was between eastern & western
hemispheres
 Began after Columbus’ first voyage to the
“Americas”


Commodities, like sugar, tobacco, cotton, and rice
transformed European culture
Europeans imposed new ideas on Native American
societies
The Enlightenment
Enlightenment

Period which produced new ideas about government

Whose ideas do we know about that came out of this
time period?


John Locke

Rousseau
Since Newton had discovered natural laws governing
the universe, many believed there were natural laws
governing politics, economics, and other aspects of
society as well.
They Call it a Revolution….
French, Haitian and Latin American Revolution
The French Revolution

AKA “The Reign Of Terror”

Is regarded as the most social, political, and economic
event in modern history.

Marked the end of Europe’s old order of a world
dominated by rich aristocrats and the beginnings of a
new order valuing equality, representative government,
individual rights, and nationalism.
France Vs. France

French society was divided between three estates

1) The Clergy (Catholic Bishops, priests, etc)

2) The Nobility (rich, land-owning aristocrats) which
occupied many of the nations positions of leadership
and influence

3) Consisted of the more common classes and made up
the majority of the population. Included Peasants,
Shopkeepers, farmers and the Bourgeoisie (middle
class)
France and America

France had helped us in the American
Revolution

George Washington Decided he wanted to
stay out of it

The Neutrality Act of 1794 made it illegal
for an American to wage war against
another country at peace with the United
States.

Napoleon eventually takes over control of
France
Napoleon Bonaparte
oIn 1799 he overthrew French government and
declared himself Emperor
• He made peace with the Catholic Church
(previously viewed as the enemy of the
revolution)
oProvided France with it’s first set of national
laws since the revolution known as “the
Napoleonic Codes”
oHe is most remembered for his military
campaigns.
oHe took over France through a ‘Coup’
How did such a little man
have so much power?

He defeated Austria, Prussia and Russia by 1807, making him
master over much of Europe

He exercised authority over various independent states (Spain,
Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and parts of Germany)

He also forced nations he defeated to join him in wars against
Great Britain

As Napoleon acquired more territory and influence, ideas and
principles of the French Revolution, such as equality, nationalism
and religious toleration, spread to other countries
What would make this
little man fall?

1) He could never defeat the British (think
geographic advantages of Great Britain)

2) As the French Empire spread, so did
nationalism

3) Despite his keen since to military overpowerment, he made some key mistakes
 Most notably to invade Russia
 Tired, cold and starving
Haitian Revolution

Haiti was a French colony

In 1791, black slaves in Saint-Dominique
rebelled against their white masters after
learning of a revolution in Europe.

Toussaint L’Ouverture became their leader,
proclaimed himself ruler, and then freed all
the slaves.

First Free Black Country
Latin American
Revolution

Almost all of Latin America was controlled by Spain

Latin America is composed of South America and
Middle/Central America

During this time these countries began to feel discontent
towards Spain and Portugal. Resented what they saw as
unfair economic policies.

By 1810 Jose de San Martin led forces that expelled the
Spanish from Argentina. Simon Bolivar liberated
Venezuela, Columbia and Ecuador from Spanish rule.

Simon Bolivar is credited with leading the fight for
Independence from Spain