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Transcript
Quote of the Day "The choices we make dictate the lives we lead. To thine ownself be true." Quote of the Day "The choices we make dictate the lives we lead. To thine ownself be true." -WilliamShakespeare (1564 - 1616), 'Hamlet‘ How do you think this quote emphasizes humanism and/or Renaissance ideals? Is it appropriate to apply to your life? Why/Why not? (no limit/complete sentences) Primary Resources • Break into groups • Each group member analyzes one resources and answers the questions associated with that reading • Pair share and compare • Finally, be prepared to share with the class (I’ll go over the first one with you) What was the Renaissance? • • …In the Middle Ages to praise man was equal to praising God, because man was a creation of God. But Renaissance writers praised man himself as a creator. They played down the sinfulness he was born with and emphasized his ability to think and act for himself, to produce works of art, to guide the destiny of others. They freed man from his pegged place in the medieval hierarchy, halfway between matter and spirit, and allowed him to roam at will, through all the levels of being, sometimes identifying himself with the brutes, sometimes with the angels. He was seen as the ruler of nature—the lord, although not the Lord, of creation. This new Renaissance vision of man sprang from a heightened awareness of self. Medieval men had been preoccupied with searching their religious souls, but Renaissance men were much more intrigued with exploring their real life personalities. Petrarch is a perfect example. Although his serious interests centered on his work in discovering and editing ancient texts, Petrarch was also interested in himself. In his letters, he wrote his reactions to love affairs and friendship, to mountains and the flowers in his garden… • 1) What were the limitations of men in the Middle Ages that the Renaissance eliminated? • 2) What aspects of humanism can you see in how Petrarch lived his life? What was the Renaissance? • An era in Western Europe from (a)1450 to (a)1650, dominated by two major ideas: –Humanism: an emphasis on classical achievements (Ancient Greece and Rome) based on logic, reason, evidence, art, science, math, architecture, philosophy, literature, and drama and a focus on the individual –Secularism: less religious than before Geography: Where was the Renaissance? • Began in Italian city-states like Rome, Genoa, Florence, Venice, and Naples that possessed: –Wealthy merchants (who traded between Muslims and the kings, lords, and princes of Northern Europe) –Access to the works of Ancient Greek and Roman artists, scientists, mathematicians that was preserved by the Byzantines and Muslims Economics Who paid for the Renaissance? • How did Italian merchants like the Medici family support the Renaissance? Economics Who paid for the Renaissance? • How did Italian merchants like the Medici family support the Renaissance? • They commissioned works for themselves and their city states … paintings, Buildings, sculptures, etc. • Employment=further advancement and study Medieval vs. Renaissance art • You will see 2 paintings of Jesus. • On your paper list painting one and two, explain the emotions you think the artist/s is trying to show. • Now, label the paintings Medieval or Renaissance. Write a few sentences providing evidence for the painting you labeled Renaissance. Pictur eB Classical Art (Ancient Greece and Rome) • Focused on actual people and realistic images –Paintings/sculptures showed how humans really looked with detailed faces, hair, hands, feet, muscles, private parts, and clothing • Used perspective to show certain objects closer or farther away (3 dimensions) • This was different from Medieval art, which was usually about 2-dimensional, very religious, and the artist didn’t matter. Art: The Italian Renaissance • How does Raphael’s “The School of Athens” show humanism and secularism? – http://agutie.homestead.com/files/school_athens_ map.html • How does Michelangelo’s “The Creation of Adam” show humanism? • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Creation_of_Adam#/m edia/File:Creaci%C3%B3n_de_Ad%C3%A1n_(Miguel_%C3 %81ngel).jpg Politics: Renaissance monarchs and power • Absolute Monarchy – a king who has complete control over his gov’t. Believes in divine right – God gave them their power • 2 ppl who wrote abt absolute monarchies: –Niccolo Machiavelli – Italian, wrote The Prince - a guide on how to be a good ruler –Thomas Hobbes – English author who wrote Leviathan about how all rulers should use extreme force to get whatever they want Northern European Renaissance (England, France, Germany, the Netherlands) • In England, the Renaissance was supported by wealthy monarchs like Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth I • Many authors and artist emerged from the Northern Renaissance including William Shakespeare, Thomas More, Albrecht Dure, and Jan Van Eyck. North Cont. • Johann GutenbergThe significance of Gutenberg’s printing press • Explosion of printed materials --By 1500, 40,000 titles printed and between 8-10 million copies • The impact of movable-type printing presses: research and literacy Why do you think the Bible was the first book printed? North Cont. • William Shakespeare (1564-1616) --Globe Theater • Shakespeare returns to classical subjects and genres • His history plays were the most popular at the time • Macbeth: ambition • Hamlet: individualism • Keen sensitivity to sounds and meanings of words The Protestant Reformation What do you think the Protestant Reformation was? The Protestant Reformation • What do you think the Protestant Reformation was? PROTEST REFORM The Protestant Reformation • A movement against the Catholic Church, started by Martin Luther and his 95 Theses, that resulted in new sects of Christianity • Caused by the Catholic Church abusing power – Bible was in Latin, not common vernaculars like English, Spanish, French, Italian, German – Clergy (church officials) were celibate men – Popes, bishops, and priests had concubines –The Church was selling indulgences and relics to make money to keep the clergy rich • Martin Luther isn’t the only one In Switzerland John Calvin heads the Calvinist movement and in many ways is more strict and repressive than the Catholic Church. English Reformation Catholic Reformation Witch Hunts and Persecution The Scientific Revolution • During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church taught people that the Bible and religion were the ways to find truth • But scientists of the Renaissance used the experimentation and observation methods of the Ancient Greeks, Romans, and Muslims to discover and invent things • This was called the scientific method • Why would the Catholic Church dislike this?