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Day 1 Digestion "No legacy is so rich as honesty." -William Shakespeare Today’s Agenda Return tests Obj 1 Anatomy of Dig. Practice Obj. 1 Functions of the Digestive System • Break down macromolecules found in food into smaller parts • Absorb nutrients into circulatory & lymphatic systems Obj. 1: Alimentary Canal • The continuous hollow tube that extends from the mouth to the anus Alimentary Canal: Examples • Mouth (Oral Cavity) • Esophagus • Stomach • Small Intestine • Large Intestine Accessory Digestive Organs • Organs and glands which lie outside of the alimentary canal, but assist the process of digestive breakdown Accessory Organs: Examples • Liver • Pancreas • Gall Bladder • Teeth/Tongue What is the difference between the alimentary canal and the accessory organs? Are these organs in the A.C. or are they accessory organs? • • • • • • • Stomach Liver Esophagus Large Intestine Gall Bladder Mouth Pancreas Are these organs in the A.C. or are they accessory organs? • • • • • • • Stomach – A. C. Liver – Accessory Esophagus – A. C. Large Intestine – A. C. Gall Bladder – Accessory Mouth – A. C. Pancreas – Accessory Digestion Worksheet Today’s Agenda 1. Objective 2 2. Teeth: Obj. 5 3. Saliva, Chewing & Swallowing: Obj. 7-8 4. Intro to the Stomach Obj. 2: Major Digestive Processes • • • • • • Ingestion Propulsion Mechanical Digestion Chemical Digestion Absorption Egestion Peritoneum • Peritoneum is the serous membrane lining the interior of the abdominal cavity & covering the surfaces of abdominal organs Peritoneum • Includes the omenta and the mesentary Functions of the Mouth • Mechanical Breakdown – Mastication • Chemical Breakdown – Salivary Amylase: Carbohydrates Obj. 5 Tooth Structure Obj. 5 cont Tooth Structure • Enamel: acellular, brittle, mineralized • Dentin: bonelike material, forms bulk of tooth • Pulp: supplies nutrients & provides tooth sensations • Cementum: calcified connective tissue Obj. 5 cont Diagram of a CAVITY In each of the next frames, what part of the tooth is being effected? Obj. 5 cont Deciduous & Permanent Teeth • Obj. 5 Deciduous Teeth • Also called baby or milk teeth • 20 teeth by 2 years old Permanent Teeth • 32 teeth, start erupting by 6-7 yrs old • Dental Formula: Right Left • 2I, 1C, 2PM, 3M X 2 = 32 teeth 2I, 1C, 2PM, 3M • Incisors, Cuspids, Bicuspids, Molars Teeth • How many permanent teeth do you have if you had your wisdom teeth taken out? • What is the hardest part of the tooth? • Name the 4 categories of teeth. • Where is the root canal of the tooth located? Go to 7 show Today’s Agenda • Review • Quiz • Cat Dissection Lab • Stomach: – Notes on Obj. 6, 9 & 10 Review • Name the organs of the alimentary canal and the accessory organs. • What are the differences between deciduous and permanent teeth? • How does saliva help you to digest your food? Review **Take a look at your digestive diagram** QUIZ Cat Dissection Lab Today’s Agenda 2/28 • Stomach: Obj. 6, 9 & 10 • Small Intestine: Obj. 6, 11, & 12 What did you remember about the pig stomach we saw yesterday? Functions of the Stomach • Mechanical Breakdown – Food is liquefied – Mixing • Chemical Breakdown – Protein digestion (Pepsin) Final Result: Chyme Gastric juice? Obj. 9: Gastric Juices • 3-4 L/day • HCl produceds by parietal cells • Zymogenic cells secrete pepsin. Obj. 10 Regulation • Cephalic phase- sight, smell • Gastric phase-stomach distension and pH • Intestinal phase-food reaches small intestine, stimulates The Stomach • How is the stomach designed to do its job? • Name the 3 different phases of stomach regulation and how each effects hunger. • What is in gastric juice? What are the regions of the Small Intestine? What are the regions of the Small Intestine? • Duodenum • Jejunum • Ileum Functions of the Small Intestine • Mixes chyme with bile, pancreatic juice, and intestinal juice • Propels food to the large intestine Functions of the Small Intestine • Digestion and Absorption of: – Carbohydrates – Proteins – Lipids – Nucleic Acids Nutrients are actively transported from microvilli to the bloodstream: Objective 11: Absorption in the small intestine • Complete the handout entitled – “Digestion in the the small intestine” to cover the information as to how nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine. Today’s Agenda • Obj. 12 Notes • Stomach Acid Review • Antacid Lab Obj. 12: Role of bile, bicarbonate ions in pancreatic juice • Bile: • Made continuously in liver and stored in gallbladder • Contains electrolytes, bile salts, bile pigments • Enters at duodenum • Fuction: Emulsifies lipids Obj. 12: Role of bile, bicarbonate ions in pancreatic juice • Bile: • Fuction: Emulsifies lipids Obj. 12: Role of bile, bicarbonate ions in pancreatic juice • Bicarbonate Ions: – Fuction: neutralizes the acidic chyme – Act as buffers to prevent large pH changes • The release of bile and bicarbonate ions are controlled by hormones Stomach Acid • What’s in your gastric juice? • What’s heartburn? Antacid Lab Today’s Agenda • Finish Small Intestine WS and Lab • Obj. 14: Large Intestine • Large Intestine Disorders Obj. 14: Structure & Function of Large Intestine • Functions include: a. Absorption of water b. Absorption of electrolytes c. Absorption of vitamins (B&K) made by bacteria d. Defecation Obj. 14 (cont.) • Defecation is triggered by feces entering the rectum. • The walls of the rectum contract to move stool. • Movement is aided by the Valsava maneuver. In this maneuver we close the glottis, contract the diaphragm and abdominal walls to create pressure distally. Can you name 3 accessory organs? Functions of the Liver • Produces bile and other LIVER AND BILIARY TRACT digestive enzymes SLIDES Function of Gall Bladder • Stores and releases bile Function of the Pancreas • A gland that produces many digestive enzymes and bicarbonate