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Digestive System
By: Andrew, Stephanie, Alex, Luke, Ashley, and John
MECHANICAL DIGESTION
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Mashing crushing and breaking down of
food.
Three parts of nutrients
Carbohydrates – A biochemical composed of
one or more simple sugars banded together
that is used to provide and store energy.
Proteins – A biochemical that is composed
of amino acids. It’s functions include
regulating chemical reactions transporting
and storing materials and providing support.
Fats – Energy-storing nutrients that help the
body store some vitamins.
Chemical digestion
It begins in the mouth.
 Food particles are broken down into
nutrients
 Uses chemicals called digestive enzymes.
 The enzymes and water are responsible
for breaking down the food.
 After breaking down the food, smaller
particles go to the cells.
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What is the purpose of the
digestive enzymes in chemical
digestion?
Digestive enzymes control the reaction speed.
 Meaning, when they are present, the digestion
speed accelerates. But if they are not there, the
speed decreases.
 These are the eight enzymes that are
responsible for the digestion process: Nuclease,
Protease, Collagenase, Lipase, Amylase, Elastase,
Trypsin, and Chymotrypsin.
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The Mouth
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The first part of the digestive system is the mouth
Inside there are teeth which include; canine, Incisors,
premolars, and molars
Teeth are very important to the Mechanical Digestion
The outermost layer of the tooth is the enamel which
protect nerves and soft material inside the tooth.
Blood Vessels and nerves are inside and underneath
the tooth
When you chew your food it gets mixed with saliva
Saliva is made with salivary glands that contain
enzymes in which begin the chemical digestion
When that process is done the mouth drops the food
off into the esophagus
The Mouth
The Esophagus
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The esophagus is a long straight narrow tube
that connects the throat and the stomach
After the food has been chewed by the
mouth the tongue pushes it into the
esophagus
The esophagus squeezes the food with
rhythmic muscle contractions that are
known as peristalsis
Peristalsis forces the food into the stomach
The Esophagus
The Stomach
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The stomach is a muscular baglike organ of the digestive
tract that is attached to the lower end of the esophagus
It breaks down the food by squeezing its content with
muscular contractions
The stomach grinds and mixes food for hours before it
releases the mixture in the small intestines
During the process enzymes and acids are produced by the
stomach for the digestion in the stomach
Stomach acids usually kill most of the bacteria you might
have swallowed
After a few hours your food turns into a soupy mixture
called chyme
After the food is made into chyme it is slowly released into
the small intestine through a small ring of muscle that works
like a valve
The St
mach
The Liver
Produces cholesterol and bile
 Bile is a greenish liquid that helps
with fat
 digestion
 Stores and distributes nutrients
 Filters blood
 Can regenerate itself
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The Pancreas
 Makes
juice that neutralizes chyme
 Protects the small intestine from
damage
 Makes hormones
 Regulates blood sugar
 Makes insulin
What is the importance of the
gallbladder for the digestive system?
The gallbladder stores the bile, which is
used for the digestion of food, from the
liver. It can only hold two ounces.
 The gallbladder helps in the effectiveness
of the digestion of food. However, it can
be removed if gallbladder stones cannot
exit. But if it is removed, the digestive
effectiveness is lowered.
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What is the Gallbladder?
Small green organ located next to liver
and right of rib cage.
 Used for the storage of bile from the liver
to the small intestine.
 Unlike the liver, it cannot regenerate itself
if cut.
 One of the organs you can live without.
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SMALL INTESTINES
Small intestines
 Villi
 Three parts of the small intestines
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The Large Intestine
The Large Intestine - Is the organ of the digestive
system that compacts, stores, and eliminates
indigestible material from the body.
 What the large intestine does? It can carry your
waste through the body with three parts the
ascending colon, transverse colon, and the
descending colon.
 And on the receiving end of the descending colon
is the rectum.
 What does the rectum do? Well the rectum is a
part of the digestive system that carries out the
waste to the anus.
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Rectum
The rectum is part of the digestive system
just under the descending colon of the large
intestine.
 The rectum is the part of the system where
it carries out the waste from the receiving
particles of the colon (large intestine).
Rectum is important to the body for two
reasons. One is it is a transporter for waste
between the descending colon and the anus.
 Two it is important so it can have a place to
travel for the connections between large
intestine and anus.
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Anus
The anus is the very last part of the
whole digestive system.
 It helps the waste get released from the
body and soon after a meal the whole
process will start over again.
 This process must not be able to last very
long. Cause with the body it needs its
nutrients. So what the system can also do
is absorb the nutrients from the body and
feed it to your system.
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Digestive Tract
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The digestive tract is a series of tube like organs that
are joined end to end.
The digestive process starts in your mouth. The food
travels down your esophagus and drops down to your
stomach. It then goes through the small intestine and
goes into the large intestine. Lastly, it exits your body
through your anus.
Digestive System
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The digestive system is a group of organs that work
together to digest food so that it can be used in your
body.
Made up of mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder,
pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and
anus.