Download Medical Terminology

Gastrointestinal
Definition
gastrointestinal (GI) system, consists of a
digestive tube called the GI tract or alimentary
canal, and several accessory organs whose
primary function is to break down food, prepare
it for absorption, and eliminate waste.
Areas of the abdomen
Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
Left upper qudrant
(LUQ)
Left lower quadrant
(LLQ)
RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ
Medical term
Organ
Meaning
Example
Stomat/o ,or/o
Mouth
‫دهان‬
stomatitis
Dent/o, Odont/o,
Dent/i
Teeth
‫دندان‬
Dentist
Gloss/o, Lingu/o,
Tongue
‫زبان‬
glossectomy
Cheil/o, labi/o
Lips
‫لب‬
cheiloplasty
Orthodontist
labial
Gingiv/o, Ul/o
Gums
‫لثه‬
gingivectomy
Palat/o, Uran/o
palate
‫کام دهان‬
palatognathus
Esophag/o
Esophagus
‫مری‬
esophgectasia
Gastr/o
Stomach
‫معده‬
gastralgia
Medical term
Organ
Meaning
Example
Enter/o
Small intestine
‫روده کوچک‬
enterclosis
Duoden/o
Duodenum
‫ دئودنوم‬،‫دوازدهه‬
Duodenum
Jejun/o
Jejunum
‫ژژنوم‬
Jejunum
ile/o
ileum
‫ایلئوم‬
Ileum
Col/o
,Colon/o
Large
intestine(intestinum
crassum,colon)
‫روده بزرگ‬
colalgia
Sigmoid/o
Sigmoid colon
‫کولون زیگموئید‬
sigmoiditis
Cec/o,typh/o
Cecum(caecum)
‫روده کور‬
cecal
medical term
Organ
Meaning
Example
Rect/o
Rectum
‫راست روده‬
rectocele
An/o
Anus
‫مفعد‬
perianal
Proct/o
Anus and rectum
‫راست روده‬
proctologist
Hepat/o,
Hepatic/o
Liver
‫کبد‬
Hepatocolic
Cholecyst/o
Gallbladder
‫کیسه صفرا‬
cholecystectasia
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
‫پانکراس‬
pancreatectomy
Or/o
Oral cavity
‫حفره دهان‬
oral
‫شکم‬
Abdominoplasty
Laparoscopy
celioma
Accessory organs
Cavities
hepatomegaly
Abdomin/o,lapar/ abdomen
o. celi/o
Prefixes & suffixes
Medical term
Definition
Meaning
Example
-emesis
vomit
-iasis
abnormal condition
-megaly
enlargement
-orexia
appetite
-pepsia
digestion
-phagia
swallowing, eating
-prandial
meal
‫وعده غذایی‬
postprandial
-rrhea
discharge, flow
‫ترشح فراوان‬
steatorrhea
‫استفراغ کردن‬
hyperemesis
‫حالت بیماری‬
cholelithiasis
‫بزرگی‬
‫اشتها‬
hepatomegaly
anorexia
‫ گوارش‬، ‫هضم‬
dyspepsia
‫بلعیدن‬
aerophagia
Prefixes & suffixes
Medical term
Definition
Meaning
dia-
through, across
‫از طریق‬
diarrhea
peri-
around
‫اطراف‬
perisigmoiditis
sub-
under, below
a
abscence of/without
‫بدون‬
en
inside/within
‫درون‬
endo
inside/within
‫درون‬
epi
upon/above
Megal/o
large
‫زیر‬
‫باال‬
‫بزرگ‬
Example
sublingual
asymptomatic
endoscope
epicutaneous
megalopsia
Prefixes & suffixes
Medical term
Definition
Meaning
para
beside
emia
(condition of) blood
‫خونی‬
anemia
algia
(condition of) pain
‫درد‬
otalgia
gram
picture/chart
‫نمودار‬
radiogram
graph
machine that
records/traces
‫دستگاه ثبت‬
radiograph
graphy
procedure of
recording/tracing
lith
Stone
lithiasis
abnormal condition
of stones
‫مجاور‬،‫کنار‬
‫عمل ثبت‬
‫سنگ‬
‫سنگ غیر طبیعی‬
Example
Paraappendictis
electrocardiography
lithotripsy
Colelithiasis
Prefixes & suffixes
Medical term
Definition
Meaning
logist
specialist who
studies
oma
tumour/swelling
‫تومور‬
toxic
pertaining to
poisoning
‫سمی‬
uria
condition of urine
chole
bile
‫متخصص‬
Example
proctologist
celioma
‫ادراری‬
‫صفرا‬
Colelithiasis
Stomat/o = Mouth
Stoma = mouth
Stomat/itis: Inflammation of the
mouth
Stomat/o/plasty: Surgical repair of
the mouth
Stomatitis
Stomat/o/scopey:
the
process of examining with stomatoscope
Stomat/o/malacia:softening of the structures
of the mouth
Stomat/o/pathy:
any disease of the mouth
Stomatalgia:pain in the mouth
Stomat/o/rrhagia:hemorrhage of the mouth
Stomat/o/mycosis:condition of mouth fungus
Or/o=mouth
Oral: pertaining to the mouth
or/o/pharyngeal :pertaining
to the lower pharynx
Gloss/o = Tongue
Gloss/itis: Inflammation of the
tongue
Gloss/ectomy: Excision of the
tongue
Gloss/algia: Pain in the tongue
Gloss/al: Pertaining to the tongue
Gloss/o/ptosis: Prolapse of the
tongue
Gloss/o/scopy: Examination of
the tongue
Gloss/o/plegia (n.):
Paralysis of the tongue
Ankyl/o/glossia:tonguetied,extensive adhesion of the
tongue to the palate
Hypoglossal:under the tongue
Gloss/o/trichia:
hairy tongue
Gloss/o/palatinus
Gloss/o/pharyngeal
Gloss/o/rrhaphy:suture of
the tongue
Lingu/o = Tongue
Lingu/al (adj.): Pertaining to the
tongue
Sub/lingu/al or Hypo/gloss/al :
Under the tongue
Cheil/o = Lips
Cheil/itis: Inflammation of the lips
Cheil/o/plasty: Plastic surgery of
the lips
Cheil/o/tomy: Incision of the lips
Cheil/osis: Condition or disorder
of the lips
Cheil/o/stomat/o/plasty: Plastic
surgery of the lips and mouth
Labi/o=lip
Labi/o/graph:an instrument for
recording lip motion in speaking
Labi/o/mental:pertaining to the
lip and chain
Gingiv/o = Gums
Gingiv/al: Pertaining to the gums
Gingiv/itis: Inflammation of the
gums
Gingiv/algia: Gum pain
Gingiv/ectomy: Excision of gum
tissue
Gingiv/o/gloss/itis: Inflammation
of the gums and tongue
Lingu/o/gingiv/al (adj.):of
tongue and gums
Ul/o=gum
Ul/o/rrhagia:bleeding of the
gums
Ul/o/tomy:incision of the gums
Ul/o/carcinoma:carcinoma of the
gums
Dent/o,Odont/o,Dent/i=Tooth
Dent/o/facial:pertaining to the
teeth and face
Orthodontics:branch of dentistry
concerned with correcting tooth
irregularities
Dent/i/frice:paste and powder
for cleaning tooth
Palat/o,uran/o=palate
Uran/o/rrhaphy: suture of the palate
Uran/o/schisis: cleft palatea
Palat/o /plasty: plastic reconstruction of the
palate
Palat/o/plegia: paralysis of the palate
Gnath/o=jaw
Gnath/o/plasty:plastic surgery of
jaw
Gnathitis : inflammation of the
jaw
Gnathalgia : pain in the jaw
sial/o=saliva,salivary glands
Sial/o/graphy:a technique for x-ray
examination of the salivary glands
Sial/o/lith:a stone in a salivary gland or
duct
sial/o/angiitis: inflammation of salivary
gland
Salivary glands
Sublingual salivary gland
Submandibular salivary gland
Parotid gland
Esophag/o = Esophagus
Eso- = Toward
Phag/o = Swallow
Esophag/eal (adj.): Pertaining to
esophagus
Esophag/o/sten/osis: Narrowing of the
esophagus
Gastr/o = Stomach
Gastr/o/rrhagia: Stomach hemorrhage
Gastr/itis: Inflammation of the stomach
Gastr/ic: Pertaining to the stomach
Gastr/ectasia: Dilatation (stretching) of
the stomach
•-ectasia = stretching or dilatation
Gastr/o/lavage: washing out stomach
Gastr/o/gavage: forced feeding into
stomach
Gastric ulcer: ulcer located in the stomach
Gastr/o/enter/o/ptosis: Prolapse of the
stomach and small intestine
Gastr/o/enter/o/logy: Specialty that
studies diseases of the stomach and
intestine
Enter/o = Small intestine, Intestine
Enter/ic: Pertaining to intestine
Enter/itis: Inflammation of the
intestine
Dys/enter/y: Disorder of the
intestine characterized by
inflammation, pain, and diarrhea
Enter/o = Small intestine, Intestine
Enter/o/clysis: Washing or
irrigation of the small intestine
Enter/o/plegia: Paralysis of the
small intestine
Enter/ectasia: Dilatation of the
small intestine
Enter/o/ptosis: Prolapse of the
small intestine
Gastr/o/enter/ic: Pertaining to
the stomach and small intestine
Enter/o/rrhagia: Hemorrhage of
the small intestine
Enter/o/cele: Intestinal hernia
Enter/o/centesis: Surgical
puncture of the small intestine
Enter/o/scope: Instrument to
examine the small intestine small
enteralgia:pain in the intestine
Cec/o, typh/o= cecum
Cec/o/cele:a hernia containing part of
the cecum
Cec/o/rrhaphy:suture of the cecum
Typhectasis:dilation of the cecum
Col/o = Colon (Large intestine)
Col/ic or colonic: Pertaining to the colon
Col/o/centesis: Surgical puncture of the
colon
Col/o/pexy: Surgical fixation of the
colon
Col/ostomy: Making a new opening into
the colon
Col/o/tomy:a surgical incision into
the colon
Col/o/ptosis: Prolapse of the colon
Colon/o/scopy:visual examination
of the colon
Colitis: inflammation of the colon
Col/o/clyster: an enema injected into the
colon through the rectum

-clyster: the old-fashioned term for
an enema
Ulcerative colitis:choronic inflammation
of the colon along with ulceration
-clysis = Washing or Irrigation
Washing/irrigation
of:
•Colon
•Stomach
•Small intestine
•Rectum
•Anus and Rectum
Col/o/clysis
Gastr/o/clysis
Enter/o/clysis
Rect/o/clysis
Proct/o/clysis
Sigmoid/o = Sigmoid colon
Sigmoid/o/scope: An instrument used to
examine the sigmoid colon
Sigmoid/o/scopy: The procedure of examining
the sigmoid colon with sigmoidscope.
Rect/o = Rectum
Rect/al: Pertaining to the rectum
Rect/o/cele: Hernia of the rectum
Rect/o/scope: Instrument for
examining the rectum
Rect/o = Rectum
Rect/o/plasty: Plastic surgery of the
rectum
Rect/o/rrhaphy: Suturing (stitching)
of the rectum
Rect/o/urethr/al: Pertaining to the
rectum and urethra
Rect/o/cyst/o/tomy: Incision of the
bladder through the rectum
Proct/o = Anus and Rectum
Proct/o/logist: One who is specialist
in diseases of the anus and rectum
Proct/o/logy: The study of diseases of
the anus and rectum
Proct/o/plegia: Paralysis of the anus
and rectum
Proct/o/scope: Instrument used to
examine rectum and anus
Proct/o/scopy: Examination of
rectum and anus with a
proctoscope
Proct/o/rrhaphy: Suturing of the
rectum and anus
Proct/o/pexy: Surgical fixation of
the rectum and anus
Lapar/o=Abdomen
Lapar/o/scope: an instrument
used to examine the abdominal
wall
Laparectomy:surgical removal of
parts of the abdominal wall
Lapar/o/tomy: incision through
any part of the abdominal wall
Peritone/o=peritoneum
Peritonitis:inflamation of the peritoneum
Peritone/o/tomy:incision into the peritoneum
Peritone/o/scopy:visual examination of the
organs of the abdominal cavity with endoscope
Ascites:accumulation of fluid in the
peritoneal cavity
Copr/o,sterc/o,scat/o=feces
Copr/o/lith:a mass of hard faeces
Copr/o/phobia:abnormal fear of feces
Sterc/o/lith:!!!
Sterc/o/roma:a tumor-like mass of fecal matter
in the rectum
Scat/o/scopy:examination of the feces
Pathology of GI system
Anorexia: lack of appetite
Aphagia: inability to swallow
Dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing

phag/o:eat or swallow
Pathology of GI system
Jaundice / Icterus : yellow discoloration of the
skin, sclera,and other tissues caused by
excessive bilirubin in the blood
Ascites: Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the
abdomen; can be a symptom of neoplasm or
inflammatory disorders in the abdomen, venous
hypertension caused by liver disease and heart
failure
Pathology of GI system
Melena: Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested
blood. This symptom usually reflects a condition in
which blood has had time to be digested and results
from bleeding in the upper GI tract
Ileus: Failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction
of the intestines; mechanical or paralytic
Intussusception: Telescoping of intestines; one
segment of bowel collapses into the opening of another
segment; intestinal obstruction with pain and vomiting
can occur
Pathology of GI system
Dyspepsia:indigestion
Hemat/o/chezia:red blood in
stool
Hematemesis :vomiting blood

-emesis:vomiting
Stet/o/rrhea:feces containing fat
Pathology of GI system
Constipation: Difficulty in passing
stools
Diarrhea:Frequent passage of loose,
watery stools
Nausea:feeling of sick in stomach
Hepat/o,Hepatic/o,Hepa= Liver
Hepar = Liver
Hepat/ic: Pertaining to the liver
Hepat/o/megaly: Enlargement of
the liver
Hepat/o/scopy: Inspection of the
liver
Hepat/o,Hepatic/o,Hepa = Liver
Hepat/o/rrhagia: Hemorrhage of
the liver
Hepat/o/rrhaphy: Suture of a
wound of the liver
Hepat/o/cele: Hernia of the liver
Hepat/o/lith: Stone in the liver
Hepatalgia: Pain in the liver
Hepat/o/ma: The tumor of the
liver
Pancreat/o = Pancreas
Pancreat/ic: Pertaining to the pancreas
Pancreat/o/lysis: Destruction of
pancreatic tissue
Pancreat/o/lith: a stone or calculus in the
pancreas
Pancreat/o/pathy: Any pancreatic
disease
Pancreat/ectomy: Excision of part
or all of the pancreas
Pancreat/o/tomy: Incision into
the pancreas
Pancreat/itis: Inflammation of the
pancreas
Chol/e/cyst = Gallbladder
Chol/e/cyst/o/gram (or chol/e/cyst/o/graph):
an x-ray of the gallbladder (or x-ray machine)
Chol/e/cyst/itis: Inflammation of the
gallbladder
Chol/e/cyst/ectomy: Surgical
removal of the gallbladder
Cholangi/o,Choledoch/o
= BileDuct
ERCP = Endoscopic Retrograde
Cholangi/o/pancreat/o/graphy:
•Radiographic examination of
common bile duct and pancreatic
duct by injecting contrast media.
Cholang/itis: Inflammation of the bile duct
Cholangi/o/ma: Tumor of the bile duct
A/tresia
A/tresia: Not perforated or not open.
Closed ducts or tubes.
•Biliary a/tresia: Bile ducts are not open
•Intestinal a/tresia: A part of the intestine
is closed
•Esophageal a/tresia: Closed esophagus
Cirrh/osis
Kirrhos = Orange-yellow
Cirrh/osis: dysfunctional liver disease, occurs as a
result of malnutrition, alcoholism, poisoning, or a
history of hepatitis
Splen/o = Spleen
Splen/ectomy: Excision of the spleen
Splen/o/megaly: Enlargement of the
spleen
Splen/o/ptosis: Prolapse of the spleen
Splen/o/pexy: Surgical fixation of the
spleen
Splen/o/pathy: Any disease of the
spleen
Splen/o/rrhaphy: Suture of the
spleen
Splen/o/rrhagia: hemorrhage
from the spleen
Splen/algia: Pain in the spleen
Splen/ic: Pertaining to the spleen
Abbreviation
BM
Bowel movement
PO
By mouth (per os)
NPO
Nothing by mouth(nothing per os)
EGD
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
ERCP
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
GERD
Hepatitis A Virus
HAV
Hepatitis B Virus
HBV
Hepatitis C Virus
HCV
Abbreviation
HP
Helicobacter pylori
GI
Gastrointestinal
GB
Gall bladder
NG
Nasogastric
HCL
Hydrochloric acid
BE
Barium enema
Abbreviation
IBD
Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis)
IBS
Irritable bowel syndrome
LFT
Liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin)
NPO
Nothing by mouth, (nil per os)
TPN
Total parenteral nutrition (intravenous solutions are given to
maintain nutrition).
Milad Ahmadzadeh
Pouya Azizi
Refrence: www.quizlet.com