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Transcript
Electrostatic: Electric Potential { Chapter 24 Halliday-Resnick 9th Ed. Electric potential energy: An Electric force act between two or more particles Assign an Electric Potential Energy to the system initial ( ) Change of states Δ = − =− final ( ) Conservative force → path independent Reference: = infinite separation → =0 = neighboring particles → = = ΔU = − Work done by the force during move from ∞ Electric Potential: Δ = = − =− [J/C] (scalar) = =0 = − =− [volt (V)] Work done by the force during move from ∞ Calculating = − = ∙ = ∙ =− =− =0 = ∙ ∙ ∙ from Potential due to a Point Charge Move from to infinity ∙ = cos − = −∫ ∙ ; = 0; = 1 = 0− = = 1 =− 1 + − =− 1 1 → + → − Potential due to a System of Point Charge = Potential due to a continuous charge distribution: Line of charge = = ln = = / = = + + / Potential due to a continuous charge distribution: charged disk = = = = = = = + + − Calculating the Field from the Potential a positive test charge moves through a displacement from one equipotential surface to the adjacent surface. the work the electric field does on the test charge during the move is =− = =− =− =− =− The figure shows three pairs of parallel plates with the same separation, and the electric potential of each plate. The electric field between the plates is uniform and perpendicular to the plates. (a) Rank the pairs according to the magnitude of the electric field between the plates, greatest first. 2,1-3 (b) For which pair is the electric field pointing rightward? 3 (c) If an electron is released midway between the third pair of plates, does it remain there, move rightward at constant speed, move leftward at constant speed, accelerate rightward, or accelerate leftward? accelerate leftward Electric Potential Energy of a System of Point Charges The electric potential energy of a system of fixed point charges is equal to the work that must be done by an external agent to assemble the system, bringing each charge in from an infinite distance. = What is the electric potential energy of this system of charges? Assume that = 2 and that ql = +3 nC, q2 = -2 nC q3 = +5 nC, Potential of a Charged Isolated Conductor − =− ∙ = 0, inside the conductor − =0 =