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Transcript
Science 7 th Hoyman, Jackson, Ely Students will examine the evolution of living organisms through inherited characteristics that promote survival of organisms and the survival of successive generations of their offspring. a) Explain that physical characteristics of organisms have changed over successive generations. b) Describe ways in which species on Earth have evolved due to natural selection. c) Trace evidence that the fossil record found in sedimentary rock provides evidence for the long history of changing life forms. Charles Darwin – ship’s naturalist aboard the “HMS Beagle” that sailed in 1831. (naturalist – studied the natural world – plants and animals). Darwin had many ideas about how organisms changed over time. These ideas have helped shape today’s Theory of Evolution. Darwin’s vocabulary 1. Species – similar organisms that can mate and produce fertile offspring. 2. Adaptations – traits that help an organism to survive and reproduce. 3. Evolution – theory that species change gradually over time to become adapted to new conditions. Natural Selection – process where organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. 4 steps… 1) overproduction – producing more offspring than can possibly survive. 2) inherited variation – every individual has its own traits. Similar, but not identical to parents. 3) struggle to survive – some individuals have traits better adapted to environment. 4) successful reproduction - better adaptations are passed down to next generation. Selective Breeding is when humans select plants or animals for breeding based on desired traits. Natural Selection or Selective Breeding Dark moths are eaten by birds more than speckled moths 2) Corn bred for better taste and insect resistence 3) Birds with tougher beaks are able to break open nuts for food. 1) Natural Selection Selective Breeding Natural Selection Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection 1. Define and explain the 4 parts of “natural selection.” Genetics and Evolution & Changes in Populations 2.Where does variation in a species come from? 3.What are 3 examples of things that cause changes in populations? Name and briefly describe each Change over Time (pages 166-169) 5.How is the fossil record useful to scientists? 6. What things do scientists look at to determine common ancestry (who is closely related)? Fossils and the Age of Fossils (page 194-195) 7.Describe the most common way fossils are made. 8.Which type of dating (relative or absolute) is more accurate? Explain why. 1) Separation – part of a population is separated from the rest by a mountain range, islands, etc. 2) Adaptation – separate groups of a species are affected by natural selection in different ways. 3) Division – the two separated populations become so different from each other that they are no longer able to mate and reproduce. Scientists compare Fossils (preserved remains of organisms) and living creatures to show that certain organisms may be related to each other. How fossils form: 1) fossil is buried A) buried by ash from a volcano B) covered by tar or ice C) buried by sediment *** 2) bones & other hard body parts harden to rock 3) erosion uncovers the fossils Yes or No 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Deer tracks in sand? Seashell on a beach? Crocodile dies on bottom of river? Jellyfish in ocean? Animal caught in a tar pit? No Yes Yes No Yes