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Science 30 Study Guide
Living Systems Respond to Their Environment
General Concept #1 – analyze how the human circulatory system facilitates interaction
between blood cells and the external environment and investigate cardiovascular
health.
Multiple choice or numeric response section
1. Identify from a diagram & describe the main structures and blood vessels of the heart:
ventricles, atria, septum, valves, aorta, vena cavae, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein &
coronary arteries (map blood through a mammalian heart)
2. describe the rhythmic contraction of the blood
3. identify from diagrams or list in correct order the blood vessels that blood flows through
a. in the pulmonary pathway
b. in the systemic pathway
4. identify from diagrams & describe the structure and function of the blood vessels: arteries,
arterioles, venules, veins, capillaries
a. describe the effect of valves in veins and skeletal muscles around veins
b. describe the effect of elastic walls in arteries and thin walls in capillaries
5. describe the pressure, speed and surface area of blood in the blood vessels
6. identify from a diagram &/or explain the functions of each of the components of blood: red
blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma (also blood proteins that include
hemoglobin, hormones and antibodies)
7. describe the roles of blood as a transporting medium for nutrients, gases, wastes & hormones
8. identify and order the steps taken to measure blood pressure and heart rate
a. identify the diastolic and systolic values from blood pressure reading
b. explain the roles of various factors in influencing blood pressure values such as
exercise, lifestyle, gender, emotion or chemicals (eg: caffeine)
Written response section (refer to pg. 14 of your Science Data booklet for scoring guides)
1. Design an experiment to test the effect of one factor (exercise, lifestyle, gender, emotion or
chemicals) on blood pressure or heart rate.
a. Provide some background information on blood pressure - how it is measured and what
"normal" resting diastolic and systolic values are.
b. State a hypothesis & identify manipulated, responding and controlled variables.
c. Create a controlled experiment to test the hypothesis/problem
d. Prepare a data table for observations OR analyze data that is provided.
2. Generally describe one circulatory disorder or health condition: arteriosclerosis, heart
attach, stroke, aneurisms, septal defects, high blood pressure and low blood pressure
(names of disorders and details are not necessary). Be able to explain the results of a blood
test, blood pressure measurement, heart rate measurement or symptom for the disorder or
condition. Generally describe one technology used to diagnose aid or cure the disorder or
condition: artificial heart valves, stethoscope, pace maker, sphygmomanometer,
angiograms, echocardiograms and nuclear scanning (names of technologies not
necessary; just a simple understanding of what they do).
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Major Concept #2 - Students will analyze the defense mechanisms used by the human body
to protect itself from pathogens found in the external environment.
Multiple choice or numeric response section
1. describe how pathogens in the environment (e.g., mosquito-borne parasites, bacteria, viruses,
fungi) enter the circulatory system and may have an adverse affect on health
2. describe, in general terms, the function of various body mechanisms, including the skin and
body secretions (i.e., tears, mucus, sweat, saliva, stomach acid, etc…), in preventing
pathogens from entering body tissues
3. describe, in general terms, how immunity to pathogens develops, how the immune system
responds to a foreign antigen and the roles of macrophages, B cells, helper T cells, killer T
cells, suppressor T cells, memory cells and antibodies
a. Describe how a person would be able to tell if a person had a sickness based on their
white blood count. Ie) What does a high white blood count indicate? What does a low
white blood count indicate
b. List in order, the steps your immune system takes to fight an antigen.
4. explain the interrelationship of autoimmune diseases and the human immune system; e.g.,
multiple sclerosis, arthritis, lupus
5. Analyze how vaccines defend against disease-causing bacteria and viruses.
Written response section (refer to pg. 14 of your Science Data booklet for scoring guides)
1. Design an experiment to test the effect of vaccinations or antibiotics on eliminating or reducing
the symptoms of a disease.
a. Provide some background information on vaccinations or antibiotics
b. State a hypothesis & identify manipulated, responding and controlled variables.
c. Prepare a data table for observations.
2. Generally describe one immune disorder or health condition: Viral diseases (HIV/AIDS),
bacterial diseases (E. coli food poisoning), protozoan diseases (malaria), fungal
diseases (athletes foot), allergies, Autoimmune diseases (MS, arthritis, lupis), etc …
(names of disorders and details are not necessary). Be able to explain the symptom for the
disorder or condition. Generally describe one technology used to diagnose aid or cure the
disorder or condition: vaccinations, Helper T cell decoys, antibiotics, antifungal medicine,
Gene therapy, etc… (names of technologies not necessary; just a simple understanding of
what they do).
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Major Concept #3- Students will apply the principles of heredity and molecular genetics to
explain how human diseases can arise from inherited traits, the risks and benefits of genetic
technology, and the need for ethical considerations in the application of scientific knowledge.
Multiple choice or numeric response section
1. describe, in general, the behaviour of chromosomes during mitosis, meiosis and fertilization
a. identify from diagrams, the correct order of the processes of mitosis and meiosis
b. compare the processes of meiosis and mitosis
2. explain, with the aid of Punnett squares, the inheritance of :
a. single autosomal traits by applying current understanding of the gene, segregation (separation
of alleles) and dominance (dominant and recessive alleles)
i. determine the phenotypes and genotypes of the offspring
ii. express the phenotypes and genotypes as a fraction, decimal or percentage
b. single sex-linked (X-linked) traits (colour blindness, hemophilia)
3. distinguish autosomal from sex-linked patterns of inheritance
4. describe the structure of DNA by:
a. identifying the structure of DNA as a double helix
b. listing the essential components of DNA as nucleotides with sugar, phosphates and nitrogen
bases
c. identifying the base pairings between the strands of the double helix
i. A (adenine) joins with T (thymine)
ii. C (cytosine) pairs with G (guanine)
5. explain the general process of DNA replication
6. describe a primary function of DNA by describing how an amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
(protein) is determined by the sequence of DNA triplet codes, i.e., use of a table of DNA triplets
matched with amino acids
7. describe the role of proteins in the human body as regulatory molecules (enzymes), as structural
molecules and as a source of energy
8. describe how mutations in DNA affect the proteins produced resulting in human diseases; e.g., sicklecell anemia, hemophilia, Huntington’s disease, cystic fibrosis
9. describe, in general terms, genetic engineering as it applies to
a. gene therapy
b. gene splicing (recombinant DNA)
c. development of genetically modified organisms
d. (DNA fingerprinting)
10. describe the development of resistance in bacteria and viruses, based on the concepts of mutation,
plasmid transfer, transformation and natural selection.
Written response section (refer to pg. 14 of your Science Data booklet for scoring guides)
1. Design an experiment to test the effect of chemicals, UV radiation, or environmental pollutants on the
frequency and types of mutations
a. Provide some background information on mutations
b. State a hypothesis & identify manipulated, responding and controlled variables.
c. Prepare a data table for observations.
2. Generally describe one genetic disorder or health condition: Cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, sickle cell
anemia, colorblindness, Huntington, Diabetes, etc … (names of disorders and details are not
necessary). Be able to explain the symptoms, type of genetic disorder (recessive, dominant or sexlinked) for the disorder or condition. Generally describe one technology used to diagnose aid or cure
the disorder or condition: karyotype from an amniocentesis, gene splicing, gene therapy, DNA
fingerprinting etc… (names of technologies not necessary; just a simple understanding of what they
do).
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