Download Page 1 PROFESSOR LIVINGS INTRO SOC STUDY QUESTIONS

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PROFESSOR LIVINGS
INTRO SOC
STUDY QUESTIONS
CHAPTER 5
1.
When Genie was first taken from her parents at the age of thirteen, she
2.
Research with identical twins who were reared apart reveals that
3.
In an experiment Harry Harlow and associates put one group of newborn monkeys in a cage
containing two surrogate mothers fashioned from wire; one surrogate was covered with terry
cloth, and the bare-wire mother was fitted with a bottle for feeding. Another group of newborn
monkeys was put in exactly the same kind of cage, but this time, the cloth mother was outfitted
with the bottle. What was the result of this experiment?
4.
Anna
5.
The id is
6.
Suppose you are at a restaurant. You have not eaten all day and are extremely hungry. At this
moment, you see your favorite dinner meal on a tray by itself. You want to take the food and start
eating it before the waiter gets back. However, realizing the meal is meant for someone else and
it is unacceptable to take another's meal, you restrain yourself. Instead, you patiently wait for the
waiter to take your order. According to Sigmund Freud, ______ led you to delay gratification.
7.
The superego
8.
Which of the following represents the order of stages in personality development designated by
Sigmund Freud?
9.
Which stage of personality development designated by Sigmund Freud lasts from approximately
age five to twelve and is characterized by sexual impulses becoming somewhat dormant?
10.
According to Sigmund Freud, during the _______ stage of personality development, children
enter adolescence and become increasingly independent of their parents
11.
Which of the following is given in your text as a criticism of Sigmund Freud's theory of personality
development?
12.
Which of the following is NOT one of the steps that Charles Horton Cooley saw as part of the
development of the self?
13.
Taking the role of the other involves
14.
George Herbert Mead was especially interested in
15.
The work of George Herbert Mead built on the ideas of
16.
During the ____________, children internalize the values and expectations of the larger society
and come to understand the complex interrelationship among roles.
17.
Which of the following does the text discuss as a criticism of Cooley and Mead's theory of
personality development?
18.
19.
Jean Piaget
During the ____________ stage, newborns develop a social smile, respond to visual and auditory
stimulation, and even develop basic memory skills.
20.
Object permanence refers to
21.
Which of the following takes place during the concrete operations stage?
22.
During the ____________ stage, the child is fully capable of abstract thinking and uses deductive
logic.
23.
According to Jean Piaget, in __________ we incorporate a new piece of information into our
existing repertoire of thoughts and behaviors.
24.
Individuals at the ___________ level of morality evaluate behavior in terms of whether it will be
punished or rewarded.
25.
Suppose you are 18 years old and like to smoke cigarettes. However, you are aware that your
parents and boyfriend/girlfriend do not approve. Therefore, you decide to give up your bad habit.
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, at which level of moral development are you operating?
26.
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, at which level of morality do
individuals evaluate whether they will be punished or rewarded for
their actions?
27.
For what did Harvard psychologist Carol Gilligan criticize Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral
development?
28.
According to ____________, there are eight stages of human development, spanning from birth
to old age, and at each stage the individual must resolve a basic psychological conflict.
29.
According to Erik Erikson, an "identity crisis" refers to
30.
Melvin Kohn found that while middle-class parents allowed their children freedom in decision
making and punish their children by withholding privileges, working-class parents emphasize
conformity to rules and respect for authority and physically punish their children by using physical
punishment. Kohn explains this social class difference by reasoning that
31.
Researchers have found that the more conservative parents are in their religious beliefs, the more
__________ they are in their childrearing practices.
32.
The hidden curriculum refers to the
33.
Which of the following would be considered an example of the hidden curriculum in the U.S.
school system?
34.
The socializing influence of peers is typically strongest during ____________.
35.
Television is a potent agent of socialization because it
36.
Anticipatory socialization refers to
37.
Critics claim television viewing leads to
38.
39.
Resocialization refers to
What is the first step in resocialization?
40.
Prisons, mental hospitals, army boot camps, and cloistered monasteries and convents are all
examples of ____________.
41.
Some of the strongest evidence of the role of genetics in human social development comes from
research with identical twins who were reared apart.
42.
Animal studies reveal an inborn need for certain types of social contacts, including physical
comfort.
43.
The body of research on "closet" children reveals that our ability to master the grammar of
language depends on the development of certain structures of the brain during certain critical
periods of early life.
44.
After her discovery by a social worker at age six, Anna was placed in an institution for several
years and by her early twenties was able to live independently.
45.
The id produces feelings of guilt and shame in individuals.
46.
According to Sigmund Freud, the health of the ego depends upon how well an individual passes
through the five stages of personality development in childhood.
47.
Sigmund Freud argued that sometime around age five, a boy's love for his mother becomes more
sexual, and he begins to view his father as a rival, a development that Freud termed the Electra
complex.
48.
Sigmund Freud's contention that the personality is composed of three parts, instead of four or
forty, is not empirically verifiable.
49.
Despite the many criticisms of his theory, Sigmund Freud made important contributions to our
understanding of human development, especially in terms of the impact of the teenage
experience on adulthood.
50.
Sigmund Freud argued that there can be no self without society, and there can be no society
without the symbolic interactions of individuals.
51.
Like Charles Horton Cooley, George Herbert Mead emphasized the social construction of the self,
but at the same time, he valued individual autonomy, spontaneity, and creativity.
52.
According to Jean Piaget, there are two parts of the self: the "I" and the "Me."
53.
According to Jean Piaget, children who live in different societies pass through the different
cognitive stages.
54.
Jean Piaget contended that an intellectually gifted child could skip a developmental stage and still
acquire new intellectual skills at the next stage.
55.
A ten-year-old child is much more likely to understand the concept of conservation than a fouryear-old child.
56.
Only adults are able to assimilate and accommodate.
57.
Critics contend that Jean Piaget's emphasis on children learning certain tasks at specific stages of
development has led to some children being mistakenly labeled as intellectually deficient or
"slow."
58.
Japanese high school and college students consistently out perform their peers from around the
world, including the United States, on international achievement tests.
59.
Moral development is related to intellectual development in the sense that people are not capable
of moral reasoning until their intellect has developed to a certain level.
60.
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, most people fully reach the postconventional morality level.
61.
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, at the conventional level of morality individuals evaluate
behavior in terms of whether it will be punished or rewarded.
62.
Carol Gilligan found no support for the theory that girls see themselves relationally, regardless of
race, ethnicity, or social class.
63.
Generally, sociologists consider schools the most important agent of socialization.
64.
Researchers warn that corporal punishment, even if imposed by warm, supportive parents, may
eventually have the opposite effect of what parents desire.
65.
As the size of racial groups and the diversity of ethnic populations in the United States increase,
most schools are becoming more diverse.
66.
Men on television are more likely to use sex or romantic charm to get what they want.
67.
Socialization is a constant in our lives.
68.
In modern industrial societies young adulthood roughly consists of the years from eighteen to
thirty.
69.
In modern industrial societies women and men are delaying marriage and childbearing longer
than in the past.
70.
Thanatologists are now studying not only the dying but also those who grieve for them.
71.
_____________ is a set of behaviors and emotional characteristics that describe a person's
reactions to various events or situations.
72.
Some of the best known research on the effects of social isolation was conducted in the 1950s
and 1960s on rhesus monkeys by psychologist ______________.
73.
Research on wild or _______ children, who were abandoned, has been unsystematic and
plagued by serious methodological difficulties.
74.
According to Sigmund Freud, the ego operates on the _________ principle.
75.
According to Sigmund Freud, the first stage of personality development is known as the
____________.
76.
According to Sigmund Freud, during the _______________, children become aware of their
genitals and of the fact that the genitals of girls and boys are different.
77.
Charles Cooley called the concepts people derive of themselves from their perceptions of how
others see them as the ____________________.
78.
According to George Herbert Mead, the __ is the spontaneous, free-willed dimension of the self.
79.
Swiss psychologist _____________ devoted his life work to examining how children think.
80.
The understanding that an object may change in appearance, yet still maintain the same weight,
substance, or volume is known as ______________.
81.
The average Japanese student spends four hours per night studying and additional hours after
school at private tutoring sessions called "________________".
82.
Some critics charge that Carol Gilligan's theory of moral development encourages gender
stereotyping by portraying girls as more ___________ and boys as more __________.
83.
Throughout our lives, we spend a good deal of our time, particularly our social or leisure time, in
the company of _______, that is individuals who are about the same age and who share the
same social position and interests.
84.
The _____________ is the means by which information is communicated to a large, sometimes
global, audience.
85.
Women on television are usually depicted as being preoccupied with
________________________.
86.
What lessons can be learned about the interaction of biology and environment from animal
studies and the research on "closet" children?
87.
Explain and critique Sigmund Freud's theory of the development of the personality.
88.
Describe the stages of cognitive development proposed by Jean Piaget. Include an example to
illustrate each stage.
89.
Discuss the role that families and schools play in socialization. Include an analysis of race,
ethnicity, and class.
90.
Analyze how people in industrial societies cope with death. As part of your answer, explain
Elizabeth Kubler's Ross theory of the five stages terminally ill people go through.