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1 History and Approaches Describe and compare different theoretical approaches in explaining behavior: — structuralism — functionalism — behaviorism — Gestalt — psychoanalytic/psychodynamic — humanism — evolutionary — biological — cognitive Distinguish the different domains of psychology: — biological — clinical — cognitive — counseling — developmental — educational — experimental — human factors — industrial–organizational — personality — psychometric — social Identify the major historical figures in psychology — Mary Whiton Calkins — Charles Darwin — Dorothea Dix — Sigmund Freud — G. Stanley Hall — William James — Ivan Pavlov — Jean Piaget — Carl Rogers — B. F. Skinner — Margaret Floy Washburn — John B. Watson — Wilhelm Wundt 2 Research Methods Differentiate between types of research — experiments — correlational studies — survey research — naturalistic observations — case studies Identify — independent variables — dependent variables — confounding variables — control variables — random assignment/sampling — validity — reliability — descriptive statistics — inferential statistics — mean — median — mode — range — standard deviation — operational definition 3 Biological Basis of Behavior Identify the following parts of the neuron — dendrite — soma — axon — terminal button — synapse — myelin sheath/glia — GABA — Seretonin — Dopamine o Parkinson’s disease o schizophrenia — Nor epinephrine — Epinephrine — Endorphins — Acetylcholine o Curare Describe the Nervous system and its subdivisions — Peripheral (PNS) o Afferent o Efferent — Central (CNS) — Motor — Autonomic — Sympatheritc — Parasympathetic Describe the following parts of the Brain — Forebrain o Thalamus o Hypothalamus o Limbic system o Hippocampus Amygdala Frontal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe Parietal lobe Sensory/motor cortex Corpus callosum Split brain — Midbrain o Substantia nigra — Hindbrain o Pons o Medulla o Reticular formation o Cerebellum o Brain stem o o o o o o o Discuss nature v Nurture and heritability Identify the following individuals — Paul Broca — Charles Darwin — Michael Gazzaniga — Roger Sperry — Carl Wernicke 4 Sensation and Perception Define each of the following — transduction — absolute threshold — difference threshold — signal detection — sensory adaptation — light adaptation — dark adaptation Describe the following Vision — pupil — iris — lens — retna — fovia — optic nerve o blind spot — rod — cones hearing — tympanic membrane — hammer — anvil — stirrup — oval window — cochlea — round window — basilar membrane Taste — taste buds Touch — basket cells — hair cells — pain — hot and cold kinesthetic — semicircular canals List, identify and describe the components of each of the following — Gestalt principles — Depth perception (9 cues) Identify the following individuals — Gustav Fechner — David Hubel — Ernst Weber — Torsten Wiesel 5 States of Consciousness Identify each of the following — sleep cycle o Hypnogogic o REM o Stage 1-4 o Sleep spindles o — Dreams o Dream theories — hypnosis, o pain control o psychotherapy o suggestibility o dissociation Identify the psychological and physical effects of psychoactive drugs and give examples of each — addiction — withdrawal — tolerance — dependence — depressants — stimulants — opium — hallucinogens Identify the following individuals — William James — Sigmund Freud — Ernest Hilgard 6 Learning Identify the following classical conditioning terms — acquisition — extinction — spontaneous recovery — generalization — discrimination — higher-order learning — taste aversion Identify the following operant conditioning terms — positive reinforcement — negative reinforcement — punishment — schedules of learning o fixed ratio o fixed interval o variable ratio o variable interval — shaping Identify the following observational learning terms — insight learning — latent learning — social learning — emotional learning — superstitious behavior — learned helplessness — modeling Identify the following individuals — Albert Bandura — John Garcia — Ivan Pavlov — Robert Rescorla — B. F. Skinner — Edward Thorndike — Edward Tolman — John B. Watson 7 Cognition Define the following memory terms — Information processing model — Sensory registry — Short term memory — Long term memory — Procedural — Semantic — Episodic — Flashbulb — Deep processing — Shallow processing — encoding — storage — retrieval — acronym — method loci — peg word Define the following language terms — morpheme — phoneme — syntax — semantics — language acquisition device List the characteristics of creative thought and thinking Identify the following individuals — Noam Chomsky — Hermann Ebbinghaus — Wolfgang Köhler — Elizabeth Loftus — George A. Miller 8 Motivation and Emotion Define the following terms — instincts — incentives — intrinsic — extrinsic — affiliation — achievement — needs — drives — homeostasis — drive reduction theory — arousal theory — general adaptation theory Describe motivational research on — eating — sex — social Compare and contrast major theories of emotion — James–Lange, — Cannon– Bard, — Schachter two-factor Identify the following individuals — William James — Alfred Kinsey — Abraham Maslow — Stanley Schachter — Hans Selye 9 Developmental Describe the following — Sperm — Egg — Zygote — Fetus — Teratogens — Fetal alcohol syndrome — Sex — Gender — Crystallized intelligence — Fluid intelligence — imprinting — Temperament o Easy o Difficult o Slow to warm up — Attachment o Secure o Avoidant o Ambivalent o Disorganized Describe the following stage theories of development — Piaget’s cognitive — Kohlbergs moral — Erikson’s psychosocial Identify the following individuals — Mary Ainsworth, — Albert Bandura, — Diana Baumrind, — Erik Erikson, — Sigmund Freud, — Carol Gilligan, — Harry Harlow, — Lawrence Kohlberg, — Konrad Lorenz, — Jean Piaget, — Lev Vygotsky 10 Personality Compare and contrast the following theories of personality — psychoanalytic — humanist — cognitive — trait — social learning — behavioral Describe the following research methods and assessment — survey — case study — MMPI — TAT — Rorschach — Projective tests — Objective tests Compare collectivism to individualism Identify the following individuals — Alfred Adler — Albert Bandura — Paul Costa and Robert McCrae — Sigmund Freud — Carl Jung — Abraham Maslow — Carl Rogers 11 Testing and Individual Differences Define intelligence and list characteristics of how psychologists measure intelligence: — abstract versus verbal measures — speed of processing. Discuss how culture influences the definition of intelligence. Define the following — standardization — reliability — validity — gifted — cognitively disabled Identify the following individuals — Alfred Binet — Francis Galton — Howard Gardner — Charles Spearman — Robert Sternberg — Louis Terman — David Wechsler 12 Abnormal Psychology Discuss the major diagnostic categories and their corresponding symptoms — anxiety disorders — somatoform disorders — mood disorders — schizophrenia — organic disturbance — personality disorders — dissociative disorders Evaluate the strengths and limitations of various approaches to explaining psychological disorders: — medical model — psychoanalytic — humanistic — cognitive — biological — sociocultural Identify the positive and negative consequences of diagnostic labels Discuss the intersection between psychology and the legal system — confidentiality — insanity defense Describe the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual (DSM-IV) 13 Treatment of Abnormal Behavior Describe major treatment orientations used in therapy — behavioral — cognitive — humanistic — psychodynamic — biological Describe the following treatment formats — Individual — Group — Family Identify the following individuals — Aaron Beck — Albert Ellis — Sigmund Freud — Mary Cover Jones — Carl Rogers — B. F. Skinner — Joseph Wolpe 14 Social Psychology Apply attribution theory to explain motives — fundamental attribution error — self-serving bias — central route to persuasion — bystander effect — social facilitation — social loafing — self fulfilling prophecy Describe the structure and function of group behavior — deindividuation — group polarization — group think — conformity — obedience — in group — out group — ethnocentrism — prejudice Identify the following individuals — Solomon Asch — Leon Festinger — Stanley Milgram — Philip Zimbardo
