Download Geography

T/O: MAP BASICS (6.3A)
EQ: How do I read a map?
What is a Globe?
• A globe is a model of the earth
• Globes show the earth’s:
– Shape
– Lands
– Distances
– Directions
COMPASS ROSE
• A symbol on every map that tells you where
the CARDINAL DIRECTIONS are positioned
• CARDINAL DIRECTIONS
– NORTH
– SOUTH
– EAST
– WEST
Hemispheres
• To locate places on the earth, geographers use a
system of imaginary lines that crisscross the
globe
• The EQUATOR circles the middle of the earth
like a belt
– Equator divides the earth into “half spheres” or
Hemispheres
• Everything NORTH of the Equator is in the Northern
Hemisphere
• Everything SOUTH of the Equator is in the Southern
Hemisphere
Hemispheres
• Another imaginary line runs from north to south
• It helps divide the earth into EASTERN &
WESTERN Hemispheres
• The PRIME MERIDIAN circles the earth from
NORTH to SOUTH
• Everything EAST of the Prime Meridian is in the Eastern
Hemisphere
• Everything WEST of the Prime Meridian is in the Western
Hemisphere
Hemispheres
• The EQUATOR & the PRIME MERIDIAN are the
starting points for two sets of lines used to find ANY
location.
LATITUDE
• PARALLELS circle the earth like stacked rings
& show LATITUDE
– LATITUDE – distance measured in degrees NORTH
& SOUTH of the EQUATOR
• The letter N or S following the degree symbol tells you
if the location is north or south of the Equator
• The North Pole is at 90’N (North) Latitude
• The South Pole is at 90’S (South) Pole
LATITUDE
• Some very important parallels (LATITUDE) in
between the poles are:
• Tropic of Cancer is at 23 ½’ N latitude
• Tropic of Capricorn is at 23 ½’ S latitude
– The sun NEVER goes directly overhead N or S of the
Tropics
• Arctic Circle is at 66 ½’ N latitude
• Antarctic Circle is at 66 ½’ S latitude
LONGITUDE
• MERIDIANS run from pole to pole & crisscross
parallels
• MERIDIANS signify LONGITUDE
– LONGITUDE – distance measured in degrees EAST
or WEST of the PRIME MERIDIAN
– PRIME MERIDIAN = 0’ longitude
• On the opposite side of the earth is the 180’ meridian,
also called the International Date Line
LOCATION
• Lines of latitude & longitude cross each other
in the form of a grid system
• You can find a place’s ABSOLUTE LOCATION by
naming the exact latitude & longitude lines
that a place is located on earth
LOCATION
• RELATIVE LOCATION is where one place is in
relation to another place
QUIZ tomorrow
• There will be a short 5 question quiz
tomorrow over this information.
• Make sure you look over your notes
• We will play a game tomorrow using what you
learned about LOCATION
T/O: (6.3A)
EQ: How do I study geography?
HW – 20 Items WS
Warm Up!
• On a piece of notebook paper, write directions
on how you would walk home from 5000 Hires
Lane. (The front of Haltom Middle school. )
• Ex.
– Turn right onto Friendly Lane
– Take first left onto Dana Drive
– Take first right onto Haltom Road
– Turn right onto Airport Freeway
Geography
• Everything you see, touch, use, and even hear
is related to geography
• Geography is the study of the world’s people,
places, and environments.
• How can we possibly study such a huge
amount of information in this class? Where
do we start?
Geography
• Geographers are people who study
geography
• To understand how our world is connected,
some geographers have broken down the
study of geography into five themes.
5 Themes of Geography
• The 5 Themes of
Geography are:
1) Location
2) Place
3) Human/Environment
Interaction
4) Movement
5) Regions
T/O: (6.3A) CONTINUED
EQ: How do I study geography?
HW Due – 20 Items WS
Six Essential Elements
1) The World in Spatial Terms
• Geographers first take a look at where a
place is located
• LOCATION – “Where is it?”
– Knowing location of places helps you to
orient yourself in space and to develop an
awareness of the world around you
Six Essential Elements
2) Places and Regions
• PLACE includes those features and
characteristics that give an area its own
identity or personality.
– Physical Characteristics – landforms, climate,
plants, & animals
– Human Characteristics – language, religion,
architecture, music, politics, & way of life
Six Essential Elements
2) Places and Regions
• To make sense of all the complex things in the
world, geographers often group places or areas
into regions
• REGION – a group of places united by one
or more common characteristics
Six Essential Elements
3) Physical Systems
• When studying places & regions,
geographers analyze how physical systems,
such as volcanoes, glaciers, and hurricanes,
interact & shape the earth’s surface
Six Essential Elements
3) Physical Systems
• Geographers also look at ecosystems, or
communities of plants and animals that are
dependent upon one another & their
particular surroundings for survival
Six Essential Elements
4) Human Systems
• Geographers examine
human systems
– HUMAN SYSTEMS –
how people have
shaped our world
– An ongoing theme in
geography is the
continual MOVEMENT
of people, ideas, &
goods.
Six Essential Elements
5) Environment and Society
• HUMAN/ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION is
how & why people change their
surroundings
•
An example of H.E.I. is when people cut down forests
to build farms &/or cities
Six Essential Elements
6) The Uses of Geography
• Understanding geography prepares you
for life in our modern society
Scale
• Maps are made to scale; that is, there is a
direct connection between a unit of
measurement on the map and the actual
distance.
– For example, each inch on the map represents one
mile on Earth. So, a map of a town would show a
mile-long strip of fast food joints and auto dealers in
one inch.
Scale
Time Zones
• The Earth is divided into 24 time zones,
corresponding to 24 hours in a day.
• As the earth rotates, the sun shines in
different areas, moving from east to west
during the course of a day.
• Places that have the same longitude will
be in the same time zone.
T/O: (6.3A) CONTINUED
EQ: How do I study geography?
HW Due – 20 Items WS
Warm Up
• Work with your partner to finish tallying the
20 items (40 total between both partners)
• As groups finish, students will be asked to
come to input their information into the chart
on the board.
LEGEND / KEY
• Identifies the
symbols used
on a map
Can you understand this legend?
Age Expectancy
Legend
MAP TYPES
• 1) Physical Map
– Call out
landforms &
water resources
MAP TYPES
• 2) Political Map
– Show the names
and boundaries of
countries, the
location of cities &
other human-made
features of a place,
often identifying
major physical
features
MAP TYPES – SPECIAL PURPOSE
• 3) Vegetation Map
– show different
colors for different
vegetation in a
specific area
MAP TYPES
• 4) LAND USE
– A map that shows
the types &
intensities of
different land uses
in a particular area.
MAP TYPES
• 5) CLIMATE MAP
– The purpose is
usually to show
which areas get
the most rainfall
MAP TYPES
• 6) POPULATION MAP
– Purpose is to show
population of a
specific city, state,
continent, etc.
T/O: (6.3A) CONTINUED
EQ: How does what I study relate to me?
Bar Graphs
Uses bars
or wide
lines to
compare
data
visually
cheese
ham
Boys
Girls
turkey
pbj
0
5
10
5
Line Graph
Useful tool
for showing
changes
over a
period of
time
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Girls
Boys
Manufactuing by Continent
Circle Graphs
Europe
Asia
North America
South America
When you
want to show
how the
WHOLE part of
something
that is divided
into its parts.
Austrailia
Africa
17%
16%
17%
16%
17%
17%
Pictograph
Use rows of
small pictures or
symbols
Each symbol
represents an
amount
Climograph
•AKA Climate graph
•Combines a line
graph and a bar
graph
•Shows the overall
picture of the
climate, the long
term weather
patterns
Diagrams
•Drawings that show
steps in a process,
point out the parts of
an object or explain
how something works.
•Elevation profile
•Type of diagram
that can be helpful
when comparing
the elevations of
an area
Database
• Database - an organized collection of data.
Period
North
America
3
189
South
Europe Africa Asia
America
9
10
2
303
Australia
8
Database
• Database - an organized collection of data.
Period
North
America
4
192
South
Europe Africa Asia
America
24
32
5
310
Australia
1
Database
• Database - an organized collection of data.
Period
North
America
5
182
South
Europe Africa
America
7
15
2
Asia
Australia
287
2
Database
• Database - an organized collection of data.
Period
North
America
6
142
South
Europe Africa
America
16
8
8
Asia
Australia
268
1
Database
• Database - an organized collection of data.
Period
North
America
7
231
South
Europe Africa
America
10
12
4
Asia
Australia
294
9
Database
• Database - an organized collection of data.
Period
North
America
8
174
South
Europe Africa Asia
America
8
8
0
307
Australia
1
Database
• The data
are typically organized to model
aspects of reality in a way that supports
processes requiring information.
Period
North
America
South
America
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia
3
189
9
10
2
303
8
4
192
24
32
5
310
1
5
182
7
15
2
287
2
6
142
16
8
8
268
1
7
231
10
12
4
294
9
8
174
8
8
0
307
1
3rd
Period
Manufacturing by Continent
North America
South America
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia
2%
36%
58%
2%
2%
0%
4th
Period
Manufacturing by Continent
North America
South America
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia
1%
34%
54%
4%
6%
1%
5th
Period
Manufacturing by Continent
North America
South America
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia
0%
46%
47%
4%
1%
2%
6th
Period
Manufacturing by Continent
North America
South America
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia
0%
32%
60%
4%
2%
2%
7th
Period
Manufacturing by Continent
North America
South America
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia
0%
42%
53%
1%
2% 2%
8th
Period
Manufacturing by Continent
North America
South America
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia
2%
34%
61%
1%
2%
0%
Database
• The data are typically organized to model aspects of reality in
a way that supports processes requiring information.
Period
North
America
South
America
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia
ALL
1110
74
85
21
1769
22
All
Periods
Manufacturing by Continent
North America
South America
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia
0%
36%
58%
2%
3%
1%
ASSIGNMENT:
Using the
data from
our class,
you will
create a
line graph
& bar
graph to
represent
the data
3rd Period
North America
South America
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350
ASSIGNMENT:
Using the
data from
our class,
you will
create a
line graph
& bar
graph to
represent
the data
4th Period
North America
South America
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350
ASSIGNMENT:
Using the
data from
our class,
you will
create a
line graph
& bar
graph to
represent
the data
5th Period
North America
South America
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350
ASSIGNMENT:
Using the
data from
our class,
you will
create a
line graph
& bar
graph to
represent
the data
6th Period
North America
South America
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350
ASSIGNMENT:
Using the
data from
our class,
you will
create a
line graph
& bar
graph to
represent
the data
7th Period
North America
South America
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350
ASSIGNMENT:
Using the
data from
our class,
you will
create a
line graph
& bar
graph to
represent
the data
8th Period
North America
South America
Europe
Africa
Asia
Australia
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 300 325 350
All Classes
ASSIGNMENT
North America
Using the
South America
data from
our class,
Europe
you will
create a line Africa
graph & bar Asia
graph to
represent Australia
the data
0
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800