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Manic Moods of Mayhem-making Mutts and Manic Man-eating Moggies and what that means for Veterinarians Presentation 2 Presented by Dr Cam Day Animal Behaviour Veterinarian Cam Day Consulting Phone 07 32550002 email [email protected] 1 Objectives of this Presentation To describe how mood disorders of pets:Are similar to those of humans And are different to those of humans And how that relates veterinary behaviour management 2 Behaviour 101 Moods and mood disorders of pets Fears Anxieties Phobias Panic Disorders Post traumatic stress disorders Compulsions 3 1 What is Fear? Fear and anxiety are confusing terms and they are often used synonymously. Fear is a body’s normal response to an unexpected stressful event huge flow of stress-related hormones occurs Flight-fight response Gazelle and lion Escaping is an autonomic response and is innate What is Anxiety? Anxiety is the ‘prediction of a doomful event, location, object or situation’. We have spiders in our shed! ‘Doomful’ events pets may predict? • Owners leaving • Other dogs/cats approaching • Thunder/noises approaching • Visitors arriving • Visiting the V-E-T! BUT an anxiety is normal 5 A fear-inducing event teaches a pet to become anxious but:.. 2 That’s not a problem : IF a Vet can quickly get the pet over it What is an Anxiety Disorder? So – an anxiety is a normal and useful reaction to perceived dangers But - an Anxiety Disorder is when the anxiety is abnormal or inappropriate. Anxiety Disorder is : where the reaction is out of proportion to the stimulus that has occurred. 8 Panic Disorder An extreme level of anxiety In humans:Sudden attacks of intense fear or anxiety, usually associated with numerous physical symptoms heart palpitations rapid breathing or shortness of breath blurred vision, dizziness and racing thoughts 9 3 Panic Disorder In pets:Sudden attacks of intense fear or anxiety, certainly occur – especially in Veterinary surgeries heart palpitations rapid breathing shortness of breath blurred vision, dizziness and racing thoughts AND AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR 10 How to recognise Anxiety and Panic? Signs to look for are: Licking of lips and yawing Increased respiration rate Trembling/shaking Hyper-vigilance and Hyperactivity Flight/fight/freeze/fiddle Anal glands evacuation Defaecation/urination Aggression Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) PTSD is the ugly relative of an Anxiety Disorder Follows a traumatic event where that event causes intense fear and/or helplessness. It’s often a perceived: life threatening event 12 4 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) In humans re-experience the trauma through nightmares obsessive thoughts and flashbacks Avoidance component - individual avoids situations, people, and/or objects which remind them about the traumatic event (e.g., a person experiencing PTSD after a serious car accident might avoid driving or being a passenger in a car) 13 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) In pets :• • • Dogs experiencing a dog fight Being abused cruelly by humans Being hurt in a veterinary surgery • particularly if made helpless by being physically restrained, and muzzled Obsessions and Compulsions Do animals have obsessive thoughts? Obsessions are thoughts that are intrusive We can’t tell if animals have obsessive thoughts. Do animals show compulsive actions? Compulsions are actions that are repetitive, pointless and often selfdamaging 5 Obsessions and Compulsions Common compulsions Dogs Tail chasing, spinning, circling and pacing Shadow chasing Fly snapping Pica Some forms of barking Self-directed aggression Obsessions and Compulsions Common compulsions Cats Tail chasing, circling and pacing Pica (sheet eating) Some forms of vocalising Over-grooming and furpulling Medications are mostly needed for compulsions. Pheromones are not usually effective But when to use pheromones and when to use medications? The choice is not easy and is the heart of veterinary behaviour management. But as a broad generality:– Anxiety and panic disorders mostly require medications. But in the right environment – pheromones can significantly help. 6 What’s the role of Pheromones and Medications here? It’s not always obvious which animals need the calming effect of medications and pheromones Ask one question of the pet! Can you learn now? But remember this bit?? Behaviour therapy considers 4 strategies:Is there a medical issue that needs a remedy? Can the animal learn to be good? NO YES How is the behaviour best managed? Does the pet need to be calmed with pheromones, homeopathics or medications? 1. 2. 3. 4. Recap • • • • • • • • Fears are innate an normal Anxieties are often learnt from fears and some are in the animal’s ‘nature’ Anxiety is normal But anxiety disorders are not Panic disorders are high level, damaging anxieties Pets suffer from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder if the experience a ‘life-threatening event’ Some pets can learn not be anxious – some cannot Medications are pheromones are indicated for many anxiety disorders and related problems 21 7