Download Vaccination Protocol

concentrate on core and
non-core vaccines that are
most typically administered. Vaccines that are
required by the State of
Florida pursuant to F.S.
828.29 are indicated with
Vaccination
Protocol
D iet
is important,
but so is good health. I recommend annual
visits to the veterinarian for physical examinations.
Your puppy has received the first puppy
shots by eight weeks of age. He was given
immunity shots for Canine Distemper, Adenovirus Type 2, Parainfluenza, Parvovirus,
and Bordetella.
Please follow the inoculation protocol in
your puppy packet and always consult with
your veterinarian to determine the best
schedule relative to your puppy’s annual
booster and rabies shots, which in Florida,
accompanies the Florida license tag and
must be completed by the time the animal
is four months of age.
Most importantly, do not overdo your
puppy’s booster shots, as modern research
has proven every three years as sufficient
and more than that could actually be harmful to your sheltie’s immune system.
As with many topics concerning dogs, there
lies controversy; unfortunately, establishing
a safe and effective vaccination protocol for
a healthy breeding program is not saved
from debate. However, at Amatras', we
strive to stay up-to-date with the most recent advances in canine infectious diseases
and their control and follow closely the advice recommended by the International Veterinary Information Service, in Ithaca, New
York and in conjunction with our veterinarian.
There are currently 16 vaccinations
in the United States that guard against
various types of viral and bacterial infections, including a new vaccination to protect against a specific parasite. Here, I will
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an asterisk.
Notes about adverse
reactions: Bacterial
vaccines are more
likely to cause immune-mediated reactions than do viral
vaccines. Killed vaccines, especially those which contain adjuvants, are more likely to cause adverse
reactions than do modified live vaccines.
Because immune mediated reactions are
genetically determined, some breeds, especially certain families of dogs, are at
much greater risk to develop certain adverse reactions. Source: IVIS
We use only Intervet Vaccines:
Progard Puppy-DPv: Canine Distemper,
Parvovirus, (modified live virus)
(Given at 6-9-12 wks, 1 yr, every 3 yrs)
Progard-KC Plus: Canine Adenovirus Type
2, Parainfluenza, Bordetella Bronchiseptica
Vaccine, (modified live virus and avirulent
live culture)
(Given at 9-12 wks, 1 yr, every 3 yrs)
Rabies (administered by a licensed veterinarian)
(16 wks, 1 yr, every 3 yrs)
***
Core Vaccines
"Give for every dog."
Program C - Maximal Approach - IVIS
Vaccine
CAV-2/K
Adeno
CDV/MLV
Distemper
CPV-2/MLV
Parvo
RV
Rabies
Series
Recommended by IVIS:
9-11 wks, 12-14 wks
Amatras:
9 wks, 12 wks, 1 yr, 3 yrs
Recommended by IVIS:
6-8 wks, 9-11 wks, 12-14 wks, 1 yr, 3 yrs
Amatras:
6 wks, 9 wks, 12 wks, 1 yr, 3 yrs
Recommended by IVIS:
6-8 wks, 9-11 wks, 12-14 wks, 1 yr, 3 yrs
Amatras:
6 wks, 9 wks, 12 wks, 1 yr, 3 yrs
Recommended by IVIS:
12-14 wks, 1 yr, 3 yrs
Amatras:
16 wks, 1 yr, 3 yrs
~Duration
~Efficacy
>7 yr
>90
>7 yr
>90
>7 yr
>90
>3 yr
>85
Non-Core Vaccines
"Give only if the dog is at high risk and then only the vaccine that is needed."
Program E - Moderate Approach - IVIS
Vaccine
Series
~Duration
Recommended by IVIS:
6-+ wks, annually - 1 dose
Bordetella/K
<1 yr
Amatras:
9 wks, 12 wks, 1 yr, 3 yrs
Hepatitis
[See CAV-2]
Recommended by IVIS:
12 wks & 14-15 wks - 2 doses Lepto
(2- or 4-serovars), annually
Lepto/MLV
Amatras:
[We no longer administer Lepto due to risk
of death by administering this shot]
Recommended by IVIS:
CPI
9-11 wks, 12-14 wks, annually
>3 yr
Parainfluenza Amatras:
9 wks, 12 wks, 1 yr, 3 yrs
MLV=Modified Live Vaccine; K=Killed Vaccine; KR=Killed Recombinant.
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~Efficacy
<70
>80
Core Vaccines
Adenovirus Type II
(CAV-2)
Adenoviridae/Viral
(MLV, K)
A viral infection or mild respiratory tract infection transmitted through contact with nasal secretions. This virus can also
cause or contribute to canine infectious tracheobronchitis, or kennel cough. This virus
manifests in the same way as parainfluenza
virus and is treated in the same fashion.
Symptoms: fever, nasal discharge & coughing.
Mild &/or short duration (6 days). Incubation
period is approimately nine days. Adenovirus
type 2 protects against canine infectious hepatitis caused by Canine Adenovirus Type 1
(CAV-1) without cuasing adverse reactions associated with CAV-1 (such as "blue eye").
Distemper (CDV)
Paramyxovirdae/Viral (MLV)
A viral infection transmitted by direct or indirect contact with eye & nose discharges from
an infected dog. Virus can be carried by air
currents & inanimate objects, as well as urine/
fecal material and is a serious disease that can
affect dogs of all ages. Seen most often in puppies 3-6 months old; the primary killer of pups.
Widespread, highly contagious, & often deadly.
Vaccine/Prevention: Most veterinarians recommend vaccinating puppies at five to six
weeks of age using a combination canine distemper-measles-parainfluenza vaccine. The
rationale for combining distemper and measles
vaccines is that a high percentage of six-weekold puppies do not get a satisfactory response
from the distemper vaccine alone because of
maternal antibodies that neutralize the distemper antigen. The measles virus, which is quite
similar to the distemper virus, can overcome
maternal antibody interference and induce partial distemper protection. Alternatively, if maternal antibodies have actually disappeared in
the six-week-old puppy, the distemper portion
of the vaccine will induce complete protection.
Symptoms: Early signs begins as a cold with
the first stage presenting a fever, poor appetite, vomiting, weigh loss, diarrhea, listlessness and a watery discharge and/or squinting
of the eyes. The second stage may involve
neurological signs, such as paralysis and mus-
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cle twitching, head shaking
and chewing movements followed by epileptic seizures.
Treatment: Involves giving
electrolyte fluids, dietary supplements and anticonvulsants. Antibiotics may
be prescribed to treat common secondary bacterial infections, such as pneumonia. Treatment of a dog showing neurological signs is
largely unsuccessful.
Canine Parvovirus-2 (CPV-2)
Parvoviridae/Viral (MLV, K)
Highly contagious and resistant virus, especially dangerous to puppies, withstands extreme temperature changes and exposure to
most disinfectants. Can persist in the environment for months, but primarily affects dogs
under one year of age. Transmitted by feces &
transported on the hair or feet of infected
dogs. It is also resistant to high temperatures
and many disinfectants; however household
bleach may be effective given in 1:30 solution
on grounds. The parvovirus attacks the intestinal tract, white blood cells causing gastrointestinal upset, & may inflame the heart muscle
(myocarditis). Some dogs may have parvo and
never show any clinical signs. However, these
dogs can still spread the virus to other
dogs. Death occurs within 48-72 hours after
onset of symptoms.
Vaccine/Prevention: Even after a pup has
received his first series of vaccinations, he
should not be exposed to dogs that may be a
source of infection until after he receives his
final vaccination at 16 weeks of age. Annual
boosters are required to maintain immunity.
Symptoms: Severe bloody diarrhea, vomiting,
loss of appetite, depression, & high fever. Infected pups may act depressed, collapse, gasping for breath, & death may follow immediately.
Treatment: Onset is rapid, and the morbidity
and mortality are very high. Fluid therapy with
electrolytes are usually combined with antibiotics and symptomatic therapy.
Rabies Virus (RV)
Rhabdoviridae/Viral (K)
The most feared disease, and is almost always
fatal in animals and humans. Rabies is mainly
spread through bites from infected animals,
since it is mainly shed in the
saliva, an acute viral encephalomyelitis (affecting the brain)
and central nervous system.
After entering the muscle
cells, the virus replicates itself,
and travels via the peripheral
nerves to the spinal cord, and
ascends to the brain. From here it once again
travels through the peripheral nerves to the
salivary glands. The clinical signs usually begin
to appear 14 to 90 days after the dog is infected and once evident, the disease is invariably fatal by then. The disease typically has
three phases: prodromal state, excitatory, and
paralytic and two manifestations: furious form
and paralytic form.
Furious Form: This is the classical Mad Dog
Syndrome. The animal becomes irrational and
with the slightest provocation, viciously and
aggressively uses its teeth and claws to attack.
The posture gives an appearance of alertness
or anxiety with dilated pupils. Lack of muscular
coordination and seizures develop. Death is the
result of progressive paralysis.
Paralytic Form: This presents with paralysis of
the throat and muscles of the jaw, with profuse
salivation and inability to swallow. The lower
jaw drops down. The paralysis progresses to all
parts of the body and coma and death follow
quickly.
Symptoms: Signs may include nervousness,
paralysis, excessive salivation, hyperexcitability, increased aggression, and other
behavioural changes.
Non-Core
Vaccines
Adenovirus Type I & Hepatitis
(CAV-1 & ICH)
Viral (K)
Hepatitis is a highly contagious virus caused by
Adenovirus Type-1 and attacks the liver.
Transmitted through contact with contaminated
objects such as urine, saliva, and feces. Recovered dogs may shed the virus in their urine for
over six months.
Vaccine: Hepatits vaccines containing CAV-1
caused clouding of the clear window of the eye
(called "blue eye") two weeks after vaccination,
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and are no longer used. Hepatitis Vaccine is incorporated
into the DHPP shot which is
given at 3ith to 12 weeks of
age and again at 16 weeks of
age. Annual vaccination is
recommended, although initial
immunity may persist for life.
Symptoms: Early signs are similar to distemper. Other symptoms may include a whiteness
or cloudiness of the eye. Another strain of the
same virus causes respiratory tract infections.
Treatment: Extensive fluid therapy, broad
spectrum antibiotics and symptomatic treatment is given.
Bordetellosis, B. Bronchiseptica
Bacterial (MLV, K)
Better known as Kennel Cough. It is a bacterial
respiratory tract infection transmitted by nasal
secretions caused by the bacterium Bordetella
Bronchiseptica, Adenovirus 1 & 2, and Parainfluenza. Harsh, non productive cough may last
1-3 weeks. Symptoms include: harsh, nonproductive severe cough lasting 1-3 weeks. Cough
is stimulated by physical exertion or touching
the throat area. Self-limiting unless pneumonia
develops. Bordetella can occur alone or in combination with other respiratory problems.
Borreliosis (Lyme Disease)
Bacterial (K, KR)
Bacterial infection caused by a bite from an
infected tick. Symptoms include fever, lethargy, muscle stiffness. Lameness can occur in
more severe cases.
Canarypox-Distemper Virus
Viral (LRV)
Similar to Canine Distemper Virus.
Coronvirus Enteritis (CCV)
Viral (MLV, K)
A highly contagious virus, seen most often in
young puppies, but mild and self-limiting intestinal disease that occasionally, but will rarely
cause death. The virus involves the stomach
and intestines, mostly in young pups. Can set
dogs up for more severe cases of Parvo.
Vaccines/Prevention: Vaccination against coronavirus
does not prevent the disease,
but may reduce the severity of
the illness. Puppies should be
vaccinated at 12 weeks of age
and again at 16 weeks. Unvaccinated adults should receive
two vaccinations four weeks apart. Annual
boosters are required.
Symptoms: Diarrhea (yellow or mixed with
blood), vomiting, listlessness, depression, loss
of appetite. Dogs can suffer for several days to
several weeks. Highly contagious.
Treatment: Fluid therapy, electrolytes and
antibiotics are used to treat the symptoms.
Giardia
Parasite (K)
A waterborne
protozoa parasite found in
pounds, puddles, swimming
pools and in
the backyard.
Giardia is transmitted to other animals by feces. Causes gastrointestinal problems in dogs.
Symptoms can include diarrhea, weight loss,
abdominal pain and vomiting.
Leptospirosis (CL)
Bacterial (K/4)
Lepto is an infectious bacterial disease transmitted by contact with urine. Can be spread to
humans as well as other animals and may lead
to permanent kidney damage. There are four
strains of this bacteria: canicola, girppotyphosa, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona.
Vaccine/Prevention: Leptospira bacterin protects against two of the four subspecies of bacteria that cause leptospirosis. The bacterin is
incorporated into a DHLPP shot given at 12
weeks of age and again at 16 weeks of age.
Leptospira bacterin is responsible for 70% of
post-vaccination DHLPP anaphylactic shock reactions. In addition, the vaccine currently
available does not protect against hte two species that are currently responsible for the majority of cases. Immunity following vaccination
averages about four to six months.
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Symptoms: A hunched gait
because of pain in the kidneys, formation of ulcers in
the mouth and tongue, bleeding from the mouth, passage
of bloody stools and severe
thirst with increased urination
are the main symptoms.
Other symptoms may include: high fever, depression, jaundice, vomiting, impaired vision,
and convulsions. Incubation period 5-15 days.
Treatment: Fluid therapy and broad spectrum
antibiotics. It is found that dogs which have
been vaccinated, still get affected sometimes.
Measles
Viral (MLV)
Similar to Canine Distemper Virus.
Parainfluenza (CPI)
Paramyxoviridae/Viral (MLV)
This virus is one cause of canine infectious tracheobronchitis, which affects the respiratory
tract (also known as kennel cough). The virus
affects dog five days after exposure, Clinical
signs can persist for as little as three-seven
days and up to three weeks. Puppies may acquire a serious bronchopneumonia and debilitated adult dogs or older dogs may develop
chronic bronchitis. The disease is spread
through close contact of dogs through close
contact with respiratory secretions. Stress may
also precipitate development of the disease.
Symptoms: Harsh, dry cough with possibly
gagging/retching of various intensity and frequency, and fever; in more severe cases: anorexia, nasal discharge, productive cough and
depression along with a secondary bacterial
infection cause more severe manifestation.
Treatment: There is no specific anti-viral
treatment, but daily nursing care, environment
stabilization and possibly cough suppressants,
along with antibiotics to control secondary bacterial infections may reduce and control symptoms.
No-Vaccines
There are many diseases in which a vaccination has not yet been developed. Just
because your dog has received his immunizations does not mean he cannot contract a variety of illnesses or other infectious diseases, for an animal is still just as
vulnerable as a human being to these outside organisms.
Other Bacterial Diseases
Bacteria are single-celled germs.
Brucellosis
Tetanus (Lockjaw)
Tuberculosis
Salmonella
Campylobacteriosis
Coliobacillosis (E. Coli)
Other Viral Diseases
Viruses are the tiniest germs known,
more basic than cells.
Canine Herpesvirus Infection
Pseudorabies
Fungal Diseases
Many types of fungi spread via airborne spores.
Histoplasmosis
Coccidioidomycosis
Cryptococcosis
Blastomyosis
Sporotrichosis
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Protozoan Diseases
Single-celled organisms that are usually carried in water.
Toxoplasmosis
Coccidiosis
Trichomoniasis
Giardiasis
Canine Babesiosis (Nantucket Disease)
Canine Hepatozoonosis
American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease)
Rickettsial Diseases
Disease-causing bacteria carried as parasites by fleas, ticks
and lice.
Canine Ehrlichiosis
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Canine Salmon Poisoning Disease