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Evolution Mini-Unit Test Name: _______________________________________ Date: ____________Period: __________ 1. Genetic Isolation A A. When two groups of organisms differentiate enough that they can no longer interbreed 2. Artificial Selection E B. All of a population’s or species’ genes 3. Selection Pressure D 4. Gene Pool B 5. Natural Selection D 6. Genetic Drift B 7. Mutation D 8. Molecular Clock E 9. Radiometric Dating C 10. StratigraphyA C. An environmental factor which causes a certain trait to become more or less common D. A mechanism for change in populations (driven by the environment and differential survival) E. Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with desirable traits A. A dating method using an object’s position in layers of rock to give it a relative age B. When chance events (such as natural disasters) lead to a change in the allelic frequencies (genetic changes) in a population C. A method used to date evolutionary events in which the rate of decay of isotopes in different substances is measured. D. A random change in the genetic (DNA) sequence E. A way of dating evolutionary events which relies on mutation rates of DNA 11. Both insects and bats have developed wings, but they are not closely related. This is most likely an example of a. co-evolution c. microevolution b. convergent evolution d. genetic drift 12. Which best describes Lamarck’s older (& incorrect theory of evolution)? a. Organisms change in their lifetime based on which organs they use or do not use. They can then pass on these changes to their offspring. b. Organisms change through natural selection as populations over long periods of time. c. Organisms experience many random genetic mutations, and this is the cause of evolution. d. Organisms always change as a result of direct competition with another species. Choose the best term for the following examples. a. Parallel Evolution b. Convergent Evolution c. Coevolution 13. A parasite and a host evolve together because they have a close ecological relationship. This is called an evolutionary arms race. Example: antibiotic resistant pathogens. C 14. Two related species live on different continents, but still look similar because they adapted in similar ways to similar environments. Example: Jaguars and leopards. A 15. Two UNRELATED species look similar because they evolved in similar ways to similar environments. Example: sharks and dolphins. B 16. Which of the following is the first piece of evidence that lead scientists to believe that organisms changed over time? a. molecular clocks c. fossil record b. stratigraphy d. embryology 17. Which scientist proposed the correct theory of how evolution takes place? a. Mendel c. Linnaeus b. Darwin d. Lamarck 18. Which scientist performed the fundamental genetic research necessary to understand evolution? a. Mendel c. Linnaeus b. Darwin d. Lamarck 19. In Artificial selection, what “chooses” the traits? a. proteins c. humans b. meiosis d. nature or the environment 20. In natural selection, what “chooses” the traits? a. proteins c. humans b. meiosis d. nature or the environment 21. Darwin was the naturalist aboard the _________________________ which sailed to the _____________________ islands. a. H.M.S Beagle; Galapagos c. H.M.S Beagle; Cayman b. H.M.S. Naturae; Galapagos d. H.M.S. Naturae; Cayman 22. If beetles have less to eat during a few months and their average size as a population changes during one generation, is this evolution? a. yes b. no 23. In the peppered moth activity, which moth phenotype was the most fit (survived and reproduced more) when the leaves were dark? a. light moths b. dark moths c. survival was the same for both types 24. What adaptation allowed one peppered moth to be better suited to the environment than the other? a. mimicry b. mutation c. predation d. camouflage e. symbiosis 25. A 26. The above method of determining the evolutionary relationship of organisms based on their early stages of development is called a. embryology b. cladistics c. phylogenetics 11 27. A Population of Mice - brown fur - gray fur Original Population (Twenty Years Later) Island A Island B A population of mice is evenly divided into two groups, and each group is placed on an isolated island with no existing mouse population. Which statement best explains the difference in the mouse populations on Island A and Island B at the end of the 20 years? A On Island A, the allele for gray fur was dominant, while on Island B, the allele for brown fur was dominant. B More brown mice were in the half of the original population that was sent to Island B than in the group sent to Island A. C Conditions on Island B favored the brown-furred individuals, while both fur colors were evenly advantaged on Island A. D The recapturing of mice on Island A and Island B was done differently. C 28. Fitness is an organism’s ability to a. speciate b. adapt c. survive & reproduce d. blend into its environment 29. Evolution occurs in a (CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER) a. phylum b. population c. ecosystem d. individual organism 9 30. True or false: Darwin was the first person to propose that organism evolve—or change as a group over a period of time. a. true b. false 31. According to the above cladogram, do perch have jaws? a. yes b. no 32. According to the above cladogram, is a pigeon more closely related to a chimp or a lizard? a. chimp b. lizard 33. A cladogram is constructed based on a. number of shared derived characteristics b. overall physical appearance c. percentage of the DNA code that is shared between two species d. the fossil record 34-38. Construct the following cladogram: Trait Jaws 4 Limbs Lamprey Sunfish Lizard Chimp Human Amphioxus Newt Bear no no Yes no Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes no no Yes Yes Yes Yes Mammary Gland Opposable Thumb Backbone Upright posture Amniotic Egg no no no Yes Yes no no Yes no no no Yes Yes no no No yes no Yes no Yes no Yes No Yes Yes no no Yes no Yes No no no Yes Yes Yes no no Yes totals Total 39-42. Explain what is meant by survival of the fittest and how it relates to natural selection. Give a specific example about how it works. List at least two conditions necessary for natural selection to occur. Bonus Questions: 1. Why do peacocks have bright showy tails? 2. What is altruism? 3. What is a protenoid sphere? 4. What is a finch and why are they important in this unit? 5. When did the Earth form (billions of years ago)? 6. When did life first appear (billions of years ago)?