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Phonocardiograph
Trainer
ST2356
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Operating Manual
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Ver 1.1
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An ISO 9001 : 2000 company
94-101, Electronic Complex Pardeshipura,
Indore- 452010, India
Tel : 91-731- 2570301/02, 4211100
Fax: 91- 731- 2555643
email : [email protected]
Website : www.scientech.bz
Toll free : 1800-103-5050
ST2356
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Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
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Phonocardiogram Trainer
ST2356
Table of Contents
Introduction
4
2.
Features
5
3.
Technical Specifications
6
4.
Panel Controls and Indicators
8
5.
Explanation of the Block Diagram
9
6.
Human Cardio- Vascular System
10
7.
Heart Sounds
13
8.
Phonocardiography
17
9.
Glossary of Human Cardio- Vascular System Terms
20
10.
Operating Instructions
21
11.
Real Time Phonocardiogram Display Software
12.
Experiments
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Experiment 1
To observe Phonocardiogram waveforms (PCG) of Subject
(Human body)
•
Experiment 2
To hear the Phonocardiogram signals (PC G) of Subject
(Human body)
23
24
Warranty
14.
List of Accessories
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Introduction
Phonocardiograph Trainer ST2356 is equipment used to record the sound generated
due to mechanical activity of heart i.e. pumping operation of heart and lungs- cardiac
sounds, murmurs and respiratory sounds. It provides high fidelity recording of heart
sounds, respiratory sounds and murmurs. Heart sound is a physiological phenomenon
which provides diagnostic information in a frequency band from 20 Hz to 1000 Hz.
The electronic sensor is placed on the subject's chest. PCG unit has a low noise and
distortion- free amplifier and the Filter selector and Gain control is adjusted
depending on the user's requirement of pitch and intensity. The heart sounds can be
heard clearly on the headphone. From the output sockets provided, the PCG unit can
be connected to an Oscilloscope or Phonocardiogram data acquisition software, to
obtain the Phonocardiogram of subject (human body).
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Features
•
Provides Amplified Phonocardiograph Output
•
User Selectable Filter Section
•
On board Variable Gain Control Facility
•
Separate Test-Points to observe Waveforms after each Block
•
Buffer stage for Oscilloscope Display
•
With Real time PCG Acquisition Software
•
Self contained, Easy to Operate
•
Specially Designed for Educational Purpose.
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Technical Specification
Frequency response
:
1Hz – 10 KHz
CMRR
:
Better than 80 db
Filter ranges
:
25Hz - 100 Hz
50Hz - 100 Hz
100Hz - 750 Hz
250Hz - 1.2 KHz
Gain adjustment
:
Variable
Audio amplifier for Phonocardiogram output with Headphone out
:
230V, ±10%, 50Hz
Dimensions (mm)
:
W325, H90, D255
Weight
:
3 ½ Kg approximately
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Power Supply
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Figure 1
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Panel Controls and Indicators
Power ‘On/Off’
Rocker switch for supplying power to the instrument.
Filter Selection Switch :
Control used to select a particular from the various ranges of Band Pass Filters to
Pass suitable frequency bands of interest.
Filters
:
25Hz - 100 Hz
:
50Hz-100 Hz
:
100Hz - 750 Hz
:
250Hz - 1.2 KHz
Gain Adjust :
Control used to adjust the gain of Main amplifier.
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Audio ‘On/Off’ :
Toggle switch used to ‘On/Off’ the Audio section. (Power amplifier input +
Headphone output)
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To Headphone :
Headphone jack used to connect headphone to hear the sound.
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PC Interface :
Audio jack to connect the audio cable provided with accessories to user's PC Line-In /
Mic- In Port.
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Explanation of Block Diagram
1.
Phonocardiogram sensor :
The basic transducer for the phonocardiogram is a microphone having the
necessary frequency response, generally ranging from below 5 Hz to above
1000 Hz. These microphones sense the external noise along with the heart
sounds and murmurs during recording. External noises, such as air conditioners,
typewriters, machinery, street noises and voices from radios and televisions, etc,
create the vibrations within the same frequency range of the heart sounds,
resulting into artifacts. Therefore specially designed noise free rooms are used
for PCG recording.
2.
Pre-amplifier and Band Pass Filter selective network :
A Pre-amplifier with similar response of microphones characteristics is
required, which may offer a selective Low Pass Filter to allow the high
frequency cutoff to be adjusted for noise and other considerations.
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Various ranges of selective band pass filters allow passing suitable frequency
bands of interest, so that particular heart sound frequencies can be recorded.
:
25Hz - 100 Hz
:
50Hz - 100 Hz
:
100Hz - 750 Hz
:
250Hz - 1.2 KHz
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Main Amplifier :
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Filters
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Audio Section :
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The amplifier section amplifies the signal to the desired level. The filtered
signal has amplitude of some mill volts hence it is amplified using main
amplifier with.
Being the Phonocardiogram signals are in audible frequency range, an audio
amplifier and speaker are incorporated in Phonocardiograph. By listening to the
sounds produced during mechanical action of heart activity, it is also possible to
diagnose various cardiovascular disorders.
Audio section consists of Audio Power amplifiers with Head phone jack.
Headphone jack is used to hear the phonocardiogram signals on headphone.
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Human Cardio- Vascular System
The Anatomy of the human heart
The heart is basically a hollow muscular pump, which pushes the blood through out
the body via the blood vessels. It is located between the lungs and slightly to the left
of center. The heart is an involuntary muscle that has approximately seventy to ninety
contractions per minute during a restful state. It begins to pump early in the life of a
fetus and will continue unceasingly until death.
Heart Wall
The heart wall is divided into three layers :
•
Pericardium
•
Myocardium
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Endocardium
Chambers :
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The heart is djvided by a partition or septum into two halves. The halves are in turn
divided into chambers. The upper two chambers of the heart are called atria and the
lower two chambers are called ventricles. Valves allow blood to flow in one direction
between the chambers of the heart.
The heart has four distinct chambers.
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Right atrium is the thin-walled area that receives the venous or "used" blood
returning to the body by the veins.
2.
Right ventricle is the "pump" area of the heart's right side. The atrium dumps the
blood into the ventricle where it is then pumped out the pulmonary arteries and
to the lungs.
3.
Left atrium receives the oxygenated blood returning from the lungs.
4.
Left ventricle has the thickest walls of all. It is from this chamber the blood is
pumped out of the heart, into the aorta and out to the rest of the body.
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1.
Heart valves :
1.
Tricuspid valve is the one located at the entrance of the right ventricle. It
prevents the blood from washing back into the right atrium.
2.
Pulmonary semilunar valve is located between the right ventricle and the
pulmonary artery.
3.
Mitral valve is made of very heavy cusps and is located at the entrance of the
left ventricle. This is a powerful valve that closes as the left ventricle begins
each of its contractions to ensure the oxygenated blood doesn't re-enter the left
atrium.
4.
Aortic valve is located, as its name would imply, between the left ventricle's
exit and the aorta itself.
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Even though the heart is split up into two distinct halves, these two must work
together to function properly.
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Figure 2
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Heart as a pump :
Human heart
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Blood from the body that enters the right side of the heart contains carbon dioxide, a
gaseous waste the cells produce in creating energy. Blood enters the right atrium
through the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava. The atrium fills with blood and
then contracts, squeezing the blood through the tricuspid valve into the right
ventricle. After the ventricle is filled, pressure forces the tricuspid valve to close and
the pulmonic valve, leading to the pulmonary artery, to open. The ventricle contracts
and the blood gush through the pulmonary artery and into the lungs. In the lungs,
carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and oxygen is added. The oxygenated
blood then flows through the pulmonary veins to the left side of the heart.
Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters and fills the left atrium. The atrium then
contracts, which squeezes the blood through the mitral valve into the left ventricle.
After blood fills the ventricle, the mitral valve closes and the aortic valve opens.
Blood pours into the aorta and flows through arteries to the body tissues.
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Figure 3
Both sides of the heart pump blood at the same time. As the right ventricle contracts
and sends blood to the lungs, the left ventricle contracts and squeezes blood out to the
body. The heart's cycle of activity has two periods, systole and diastole. Systole occurs
when the ventricles contract, and diastole when they relax. One complete contraction
and relaxation of the heart muscle makes up one heartbeat.
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The Heart's Conduction System :
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The heart-rate is a rate at which the heart beats per minute.
There are four basic components to the heart’s conduction system
Inter-nodal fibre bundles
3.
Atrioventricular node (A V node)
4.
Atrioventricular bundle
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Sinoatrial node (SA node)
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At the right top corner of the heart there is a special group of excitable cells, called
natural pacemaker or sinoatrial node. This natural pacemaker generates electrical
impulses, spontaneously. At the lower part of the right atrium there is another mass of
specialized group of cells called atrioventriculer node. From the atrioventriculer node
a bundle of conducting fibers called bundle of his, passes down to interventriculer
septum.
A natural pacemaker generates electrical impulses at regular rate. To initiate the
heartbeat the action potentials generated by the natural pacemaker or S.A. node gets
propagated in all directions along the surface of both atria and atrioventriculer node.
This spreads through out the right and left atrium, their wall tissues and results into
contraction of atria. Now the waveform reaches to the A.V. node through special nerve
fibers which provide the delay in propagation so as to have proper timing
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between the pumping action of atrium and ventricles .During the delay time the atria
completes their contraction forcing blood in to ventricles in order to complete their
filling. At this point A. V. node initiates an impulse, which gets propagated into the
ventricles throughout bundles of his then into left and right bundle branch and further
into purkinje fibres causing contraction of both the ventricles and forcing blood in to
lungs and the whole body. During the contraction of ventricles the atria complete
their filling and to initiate the next heart beat a pacemaker generates another electrical
impulse.
With the natural pacemaker providing the impulse, the rate of contraction of the heart
is maintains and controlled. Normally this action occurs for 60-100 times in a
minute, when additional blood is required, the flow must be increased. This is
achieved by generating the impulse at faster rate by natural pacemaker.
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Heart Conduction System
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Figure 4
Heart Sounds
For centuries the medical profession has been aided in its diagnosis of certain types
of heart disorders by the sounds and vibrations associated with the beating of the
heart and the pumping of blood.
Blood flow and heart movements in the cardiovascular system create minute
vibrations, which radiate to the heart surface. The technique of listening to
sounds produced by the organs and vessels of the body is called auscultation, and it
is still in common use today. During his training the physician learns to recognize
sounds or changes in sounds that he can associate with various types of disorders.
In spite of its widespread use, however, auscultation is rather subjective, and the
amount of information that can be obtained by listening to the sounds of the heart
depends largely on the skill, experience, and hearing ability of the physician.
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The heart sounds heard by the physician through his stethoscope actually occur at the
time of closure of major valves in the heart. This timing could easily lead to the false
assumption that the sounds which are heard are primarily caused by the snapping
together of the vanes of these valves. In reality, this snapping action produces almost
no sound; because of the cushioning effect of the blood. The principle cause of heart
sounds seems to be vibrations set up in the blood inside the heart by the sudden
closure of the valves. These vibrations, together with eddy currents induced in the
blood as it is forced through the closing valves, produce vibrations in the walls of the
heart chambers and in the adjoining blood vessels.
With each heartbeat the normal heart produces two distinct sounds that are audible
through the stethoscope, often described as lub-dub. A graphic representation of the
heart sounds is known as PCG or Phonocardiogram.
There are four basic sounds that occur during the sequence of one complete cardiac
cycle. The relationship of these sounds is shown in figure 5
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Figure 5
The first heart sound (Lub Part) is a low pitch sound. It has a frequency in the range
of 30 to 45 Hz. This heart sound occurs at the termination of atrial contraction and at
the onset of ventricular contraction. The initial movement of blood from the
ventricles, closure of the atrioventricular valves and the resulting abrupt cessation of
blood movement into the atria all contribute to the first heart sound. The mitral and
tricuspid valve closures are generally attributed with a large contribution to the first
heart sound. This heart sound occurs approximately at the time of the ‘QRS’ complex
of the ECG complex.
The second sound (Dub Part) is high pitch sound. It has a frequency between 50 to 70
Hz. It is caused by the closure of the semi lunar valves that is closure of aortic and
pulmonary valves, which release the blood for systemic and pulmonary circulation.
These valves close at the end of systole, just before the atrioventricular valves reopen.
The second heart sound occurs about the time of the end of the ‘T’ wave of the ECG
complex. It is louder than first heart sound.
The third heart sound has a very low frequency, normally below 30 Hz. It is
sometimes heard, especially in young adults. This sound occurs from 0.1 to 0.2
seconds after the second heart sound. It is due to the rush of blood from the atria into
the ventricles, which causes turbulence and some vibration of the ventricular walls.
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This sound actually appears before the atrial contraction. This means, Ih (inrush of
blood to the ventricles creates this passive sound. It is generated by a blood pushed
only with the venous pressure at the inlets of the atria and pulled by the force of
gravity into the ventricles. Actually about seventy percent of blood flow into the
ventricles occurs before atrial contraction.
The fourth heart sound is called atrial heart sound, which is not audible but may be
visible on graphic recording. This heart sound occurs, when the atria actually do
contract, squeezing the reminder of the blood into the ventricles. The inaudibility of
this heart sound is a result of low amplitude and low frequency of the vibrations.
Figure 5 shows the time relationships between the first, second, and third heart sounds
with respect to the electrocardiogram, and the various pressure waveforms. Opening
and closing times of valves are also shown. This figure should also be compared with
figure 6.
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Figure 6
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Murmurs :
If the functioning of the heart is abnormal, then additional sounds called murmurs are
heard between the normal heart sounds. The murmurs originate in the cardiovascular
system as a result of turbulent blood flow. This turbulence normally produces higher.
pitch sounds, which make murmurs distinguishable from the basic heart sounds. The
typical conditions in the cardiovascular system, which create blood flow turbulence,
include local obstructions, shunts, abrupt changes in diameter, and valve
insufficiency or incompetence. The turbulence during the normal functioning of the
cardiovascular system does not produce audible sound. Murmurs on the other hand
often produce much higher pitched sound that has frequencies in the range of 100 to
600Hz.
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Murmurs are generally caused either by improper opening of valves (which requires
the blood to be forced through a small aperture) or by regurgitation, which results
when the valves do not close completely and allow some backward flow of blood. In
either case, the sound is due to high-velocity blood flow through a small opening.
Another cause of murmurs can be a small opening in the septum, which separates the
left and right sides of the heart. In this case, pressure differences between the two
sides of the heart force blood through the opening, usually from the left ventricle into
the right ventricle, bypassing the systemic circulation.
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Normal heart sounds are quite short in duration, approximately one tenth of a second
for each, while murmurs usually extend between the normal sounds. Figure 7 shows a
record of normal heart sounds and several-types of murmurs.
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There is also a difference in frequency range between normal and abnormal heart
sounds. The first heart sound is composed primarily, of energy in the 30- to 45-Hz
range, with much of the sound below the threshold of audibility. The second heart
sound is usually higher in pitch than the rust, with maximum energy in the 50- to 70Hz range. The third heart sound is an extremely weak vibration, with most of its
energy at or below 30 Hz. Murmurs, on the other hand, often produces much higher
pitched sounds. One particular type of regurgitation, for example, causes a murmur in
the 100 to 600-Hz range.
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Figure 7
Phonocardiography
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In the early days of auscultation a physician listened to heart sounds by placing his
ear on the chest of the patient, directly over the heart. Then someone developed the
idea of transmitting heart sounds from the patient's chest to the physician's ear via "a
section of cardboard tubing. This was the forerunner of the stethoscope,
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The stethoscope (from the Greek word, stethos, meaning chest, and skopein, meaning
"to examine")" is simply a device that carries sound energy from the chest of the
patient to the ear of the physician via a column of air. There are many forms of
stethoscopes, but the familiar configuration has two earpieces connected to a common
bell or chest piece. Since the system is strictly acoustical, there is no amplification of
sound, except for any that might occur through resonance and other acoustical
characteristics.
Unfortunately, only a small portion of the energy in heart sounds is in the audible
frequency range. Thus, since the dawning of the age of electronics, helps the medical
profession by amplifying the heart sounds, with the idea that if the sound level could
be increased, a greater portion of the sound spectrum could be heard and greater
diagnostic capability might be achieved.
In addition, high-fidelity equipment would be able to reproduce the entire frequency
range, much of which is missed by the stethoscope.
Instruments for graphically recording heart sounds have been more successful. As
stated a graphic record of heart sounds is called a phonocardiogram. The instrument
for producing this recording is called a phonocardiograph Thus, the sounds and
murmurs generated in the cardiovascular system are extremely low in intensity and
these sounds and murmurs are commonly recorded using two techniques:
Phonocardiography and Pulse wave cardiography.
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To provide adequate heart sound recording, specially designed highly sensitive
microphones are used. These microphones sense the external noise along with the
heart sounds and murmurs during recording. External noises, such as air conditioners,
typewriters, machinery, street noises and voices from radios and televisions, etc,
create the vibrations within the same frequency range of the heart sounds, resulting
into artifacts. Therefore specially designed noise free rooms are used for PCG
recording.
The readout of a phonocardiograph is either a high-frequency chart recorder or an
oscilloscope. Because most, pen galvanometer recorders have an upper-frequency
limitation of around 100 or 200 Hz, photographic or light-galvanometer recorders are
required for faithful recording of heart sounds. Although normal heart sounds fall
well within the frequency range of pen recorders, the high-frequency murmurs that
are often important in diagnosis require the greater response of the photographic
device.
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The presence of higher frequencies (murmurs) in the phonocardiogram indicates a
possible heart disorder. For this reason, a spectral analysis of heart sounds can
provide a useful diagnostic tool for discriminating between normal and abnormal
hearts. This type of analysis, however, requires a digital computer with a high-speed
analog-to digital conversion capability and some form of Fourier-transform software.
A typical spectrum of heart sounds is shown in figure 8.
Figure 8
The four basic locations for surface heart sound pickups are shown in figure these
areas can slightly change from patient to patient because of heart location, size and
orientation. They are described in Table as below:
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Figure 9
Locations
Short form
Details
1
Aortic area
AORT
Second intercostals space a right sternal
margin
2
Pulmonary
2
Tricuspid
area
LLSB
4
Mitral area
APEX
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S.
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PULM
Lower left sternal border that is fourth
intercostals
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Second intercostals space a leght sternal
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Apex area of fifth intercostals space at the
midclavicular line
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In addition to these four standard locations, other areas of interest may include the
base of the neck on the right side. Erb's area i.e. the third left interspace at sternal
margin, and points along the right sternal border. For all locations, it is important to
remember that the pick-up be placed over the interspaces and not over the ribs or
cartilages.
In pulse wave. cardiography, air coupled crystal microphones are used. The
information from the pulse wave cardiography is very useful for diagnosing vessel
compliance characteristics of the heart at the apex. It is used to record carotid pulse,
jugular pulse and apex-cardiogram. A funnel shaped pressure cup is connected to the
pulse pick up microphone via rubber tube and applied on the recording site with
petroleum jelly to form a good seal. It is held firmly in place with the hand for proper
recording.
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Glossary of Human Cardio- Vascular System Terms
Artery :
A muscular blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
Arrhythmia :
Pronounced 00 RIHTH mee uh, is an abnormal heart rhythm.
Atrium :
One of the chambers of the heart that receives blood directly from a vein
Circulatory system :
The system of the body responsible for internal transport. Composed of the heart,
blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, lymph, and the blood
Cardiology :
Is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of
the heart
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Diastole :
Pronounced dy AS too lee, is the period of heart activity when the ventricles relax.
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Diastolic pressure :
The decreased pressure due to the relaxation of the ventricles is called diastolic
pressure.
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Electrocardiograph (ECG) :
Is an instrument used to detect heart damage or diagnose heart disorders.
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Heart :
The muscular organ composed of cardiac muscle that is responsible for pumping
blood throughout the body.
Phonocardiograph (PCG) :
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Normal sinus rhythm:
Normal pumping action of heart generates 60 -100 heartbeats per minute.
Is an instrument used to detect heart sounds generated and to find damage or diagnose
heart disorders.
Septum : the wall dividing the two ventricles.
Systole : is the period of heart activity when the ventricles contract.
Systolic pressure :
The increased pressure due to the contraction of the ventricles is called systolic
pressure.
Ventricle :
One of the muscular chambers of the heart that is responsible for pumping blood from
the heart into the arteries.
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Operating Instructions
1.
Phonocardiogram sensor must be properly placed on the chest of subject (human
body) to hear the heart sounds at various points distinctly.
2.
During the monitoring patient should be completely in rest position.
3.
Connect the phonocardiogram sensor cable to the instrument only after proper
placement of sensor on patient's chest positions to reduce the false sounds
generated during placing the sensor.
Phonocardiogram Display Software :
This software is used to display phonocardiogram signals detected by the ST2356
Phonocardiograph Trainer consists of sensor and hardware kit.
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Real Time Phonocardiogram Display Software
This Software Contains Two Modules (windows) :
1.
Display Window
2.
Control Panel Window
1.
Display Window :
Time Domain Window
time domain.
2.
-
Display the phonocardiogram signals on it in
Frequency Domain Window- Display the phonocardiogram signals on it in
frequency domain.
Control Panel Window: User interface for
Start/Stop the Display
•
Allows setting of Time base and amplitude ranges on Display
Window.
•
Allows Printing of Phonocardiogram signals
System Requirements :
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:
Windows 98/2000/Me/Xp
RAM
:
64 MB and onwards
Space Required
:
10MB
Screen Resolution
:
1024 x 768 pixels
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About Copyright :
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This software is protected by copyright law and international treaties .Unauthorized
reproduction or distribution of this software or any portion may result in severe civil
and criminal penalties and will prosecute to the maximum extent possible under law.
Installation Help :
Instructions followed by the user for Real Time Phonocardiogram Display Software.
•
Insert the Real time Phonocardiogram display Software CD into CD drive. It
automatically installs the software in to specify installed location (by default
c:\programfiles\installed location) of user's PC.
•
Execute the Real time Phonocardiogram Display Software Application from
start menu! Phonocardiogram Displays Software/PCG.exe
Note :
To acquire the real time phonocardiogram signals on display window of software,
connect PC Interface jack provided on the Trainer to PC's Mic-in/Line in port. Then
execute the software.
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Experiment 1
Objective : To observe Phonocardiogram waveforms (PCG) of subject (Human
body)
Equipments Needed :
1.
Phonocardiograph Trainer ST2356
2.
Phonocardiogram sensor
3.
Oscilloscope Real time PCG Software
Procedure :
Connect the Phonocardiograph Trainer ST2356 to AC mains.
2.
Switch on the trainer by Mains switch.
3.
Now place the phonocardiogram sensor on the chest of subject near the heart
4.
location. (See figure 6). And then connect the cable to the kit.
Observe the Phonocardiogram wave forms at preamplifier block output (TP 1)
of trainer on oscilloscope.
Select appropriate filter from a multiple steps Band Pass Filters employed here
allows only a signal of selected bandwidth to pass to next circuit.
Four filters are used for these purposes
:
25Hz - 100 Hz
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Filters Bandwidth
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100Hz - 750 Hz
250Hz - 1.2 KHz
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Observe the signals at selected filter block output (TP3/TP5/TP7/TP9) of
trainer.
After observing the selected filter output, then observe main amplifier block
input TP10/Tpll of trainer. And observe main amplifier output TP12 on
oscilloscope. (Adjust gain of the amplifier if required).
7.
Connect the main amplifier output TPL2 of trainer to the power amplifier
(Audio amplifier) input (TP) 7 to observe the EMG signals sound on speaker.
Observe the effects on signals & a cracking sound during muscular contraction.
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Note : Phonocardiogram signals generated can also be observed on PC by connecting
PC Interface jack provided on the Trainer to PC's Mic-in/Line in port. Then execute
the software.
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ST2356
Experiment 2
Objective : To hear the Phonocardiogram signals (PC G) of subject (Human body)
Equipments Needed :
1.
Phonocardiograph Trainer ST2356
2.
Phonocardiogram sensor
3.
4.
Oscilloscope Caddo 802 or equivalent
Headphone
Procedure :
Connect the Phonocardiograph Trainer ST2356 to AC mains.
2.
Switch on the trainer by Mains switch.
3.
Now place the phonocardiogram sensor on the chest of subject near the heart
location. (See figure 6). And then connect the cable to the kit.
4.
Connect Headphone to the Headphone jack (To Headphone) provided on the
Trainer.
5.
Select Audio ‘On/Off’ switch to On position and hear the Phonocardiogram
(PCG) signals sound on headphone.
6.
Select appropriate filter from a multiple steps Band Pass Filters employed here
allows only a signal of selected bandwidth to pass to next circuit.
Four filters are used for these purposes
:
25Hz - 100 Hz
:
50Hz - 100 Hz
:
100Hz - 750 Hz
:
250Hz - 1.2 KHz
Scientech Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
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Observe the effects on signals & sound.
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Filters Bandwidth
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ST2356
Warranty
1)
We guarantee the product against all manufacturing defects for 24 months from
the date of sale by us or through our dealers. Consumables like dry cell etc. are
not covered under warranty.
2)
The guarantee will become void, if
a)
The product is not operated as per the instruction given in the operating
manual.
b)
The agreed payment terms and other conditions of sale are not followed.
c)
The customer resells the instrument to another party.
d)
Any attempt is made to service and modify the instrument.
The non-working of the product is to be communicated to us immediately giving
full details of the complaints and defects noticed specifically mentioning the
type, serial number of the product and date of purchase etc.
4)
The repair work will be carried out, provided the product is dispatched securely
packed and insured. The transportation charges shall be borne by the customer.
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3)
List of Accessories
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Phonocardiogram Sensor................................................................ 1 No
Headphone ..................................................................................... 1 No
3.
Stereo pin Cable ............................................................................. 1 No
4.
Phonojack Connector Cable............................................................ 1 No
5.
Phonocardiogram Analysis S/W CD ............................................... 1 No
6.
Mains Cord..................................................................................... 1 No.
7.
e-Manual ........................................................................................ 1 No.
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