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Verbs and Verbals
Shanna Lowry Corley
English 1101
Professor: S. Raynie
-Objectives:
-What is a verb?
-What is a verbal?
-Different types of verbs.
-What are the different types of verbals?
-Past tense, past participle
-Dropping the “s”
-Forgetting the “ed” at the end of past tense and past participles.
What is a verb?
-What is a verb? A verb can be described as the essential part of speech to
any complete sentence. Without a verb, it will not be a sentence.
-There are three principle parts of verbs: present, past, and past participle.
-Webster’s Dictionary definition: The part of speech that expresses
existence, action, or occurrence in most languages. Any of the words
belonging to this part of speech, as be, run, or conceive. A phrase or other
construction used as a verb.
What are the different types of verbs?
There are several different types of verbs.
-Regular Verbs
-Irregular Verbs
-Transitive Verbs
-Intransitive Verbs
Definitions and examples of the different
types of verbs.
-Regular Verbs: A verb is considered regular when it forms the past tense by adding “ed”
to the present “d” if the verb ends in “e.”
-Irregular verbs: A verb is considered irregular when its past tense does not end in “ed.”
-Transitive Verbs: A transitive verb is the action of which passes over to or affects some
object. Such as, “I hit the door.” Here are the action of striking affected the object door.
-Intransitive Verbs:An intransitive verb is one where the action stays with the subject; as
“I run,” “I play,” “I study,” “I sit,” etc. Many intransitive verbs, can be used transitively;
therefore, “I walk the horse;” walk is transitive.
Past tense and past participle verbs
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Past tense: Past tense refers to a verb. However, past
participles are NOT verbs.
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A past participle ends in “ed” or “en” and it has two functions;
adjectives, and part of a verb.
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Example: This car is heated.—Verb “is;” Adjective “heated.”
z As an adjective, the past participle comes after the verbs, or it modifies a noun.
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Part of a verb example: The stove has heated the room.—Verb: “has;” part of a
verb “heated.”
Problems of dropping the “s” in third
person singular present tense.
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The rule is that we must add “s” to the simple present tense form of
the verb if the subject is third-person singular. This rule is related to
the person and number of subject in the sentence. Person and
number are used here in the grammatical sense. Such as an
animal can have grammatical person, such as “the dog,” or “it,” or
“the book.” Any reference to anyone or anything that is not the
speaker or the addressee of the speaker. In sense, this means,
“not me and not you,” is third person, even names and groups.
When the simple present tense of the verb ends with “s,” we add
“es” to satisfy the rule of adding “s.”
Forgetting the “ed” at the end past
tense and past participles.
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The difference between a regular and an irregular verb is
the formation of the simple past and past participle.
Regular verbs are dependably consistent. The simple
past ends in ed as does the past participle.
Writers make two frequent errors with irregular verbs.
They either add an incorrect ed to the end of an irregular
verb or accidentally interchange the simple past and past
participle.
What is a verbal?
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Verbals are often confused. However, verbals just are not
predicates.
Verbals start out as verbs but are turned into other parts of speech
by where they are put into the sentence.
Webster’s Dictionary Definition: A verb form that functions in a
sentence as a noun or a modifier rather than as a verb.
Although formed from verbs, verbals are never used by their self as
the action word(s) in sentences; instead, they function as nouns,
adjectives, or adverbs.
What are the different types of
verbals?
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There are three different types of verbals.
z Participle
z Gerund
z Infinitive
Definitions and examples of the different
types of verbals.
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Participles: A participle is a verb that ends in –ing. Participles may
serve as adjectives, describing or modifying nouns.
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-Example: “The dancing bear entertained the crowd.”
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Gerunds: The gerund ends in –ing and functions as a noun.
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However, participles have another function. Used with helping verbs such as “to be,
and “to have.”
Example: Jumping is fun.
Example: He liked skiing.
Infinitive: The infinitive is the base form of a verb with to. It usually
functions as a noun. However, it can be an adjective or an adverb.
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Example: To jump is fun.
Example: I like to ski.