Download preguntar

LECCIÓN 8
¡Escuchemos! While listening to the dialogue, circle V (verdadero) if the statement is true
or F (falso) if it is false (Jarvis – Lebredo 2011: 190-191).
1. En la acera del hotel, la Sra.
Soto le pide información a un
transeúnte.
F
2. Para ir a Tlaquepaque debe
tomar un autobús de la ruta 42.
F
3. No necesita cruzar la calle para
tomar el autobús.
F
4. En el autobús, la Sra. Soto le
pide información a otra pasajera.
5. La otra pasajera no sabe dónde
debe hacer transferencia la Sra.
Soto.
6. Para regresar, el viaje en taxi le
cuesta 90 pesos, más o menos.
7. A la Sra. Soto le gustan los
carros de cambio mecánico.
8. El I.V.A. es el impuesto al
valor agregado.
En la acera, frente al hotel, saluda al primer
transeúnte que encuentra y le pide
información.
Aquí, ninguno. Debe caminar dos cuadras hasta la
Avenida de la Paz, cruzar la calle y
tomar un autobús de la ruta 15, en la parada de la
esquina.
Aquí, ninguno. Debe caminar dos cuadras hasta la
Avenida de la Paz, cruzar la calle y
tomar un autobús de la ruta 15, en la parada de la
esquina.
V
Ya en el autobús, le pregunta a otra pasajera.
F
No, seńora. Debe hacer transferencia para la ruta
42.
v
Desde aquí el taxímetro va a marcar $90, más o
menos.
F
Sí, pero no me gustan. Prefiero uno automático.
V
Es el impuesto al valor agregado.
9. Los seguros de los Estados
Unidos cubren a los turistas para
manejar en México.
F
Sra. Soto —ˇAh! żTengo que comprar seguro?
żNo me cubre el seguro de los Estados Unidos?
Empleada —No, seńora. Tiene que comprar un
seguro local.
10. Los hombres y mujeres de
negocio no pueden conducir en
México
con su licencia extranjera.
F
Sí, si está aquí como turista o en viaje de negocios,
puede manejar con su licencia
extranjera.
ACTIVIDADES
Dígame... Answer the following questions, basing your answers on the dialogue (Jarvis
– Lebredo 2011: 105).
1. żDónde habla la Sra. Soto con el
transeúnte?
2. żAdónde va la Sra. Soto para tomar el
autobús que va a Tlaquepaque?
3. żQué va a hacer la pasajera al llegar a la
Plaza de la Bandera?
En la acera, frente al hotel, saluda al primer
transeúnte que encuentra y le pide
información.
Debe caminar dos cuadras hasta la Avenida
de la Paz, cruzar la calle y tomar un autobús
de la ruta 15, en la parada de la esquina.
Debe hacer transferencia para la ruta 42.
4. żCuándo tiene que pedir la transferencia la
Sra. Soto?
5. żPor qué no regresa la Sra. Soto por
autobús?
6. żCuesta mucho el viaje hasta Guadalajara
por taxi? żCómo lo sabe Ud.?
7. żQué tipo de carro quiere alquilar la Sra.
Soto?
8. żPor qué no puede alquilar el coche que
quiere?
9. żPor qué tiene que comprar seguro local la
Sra. Soto?
10. żQuiénes pueden manejar en México con
una licencia extranjera?
Tiene que pedírsela al chofer en el momento
de bajarse.
Cuando la Sra. Soto desea regresar, los
autobuses van muy llenos. Cuando ya le
duelen los pies de estar parada esperando
decide tomar un taxi pero, antes de tomarlo,
le pregunta al taxista cuánto le va a costar el
viaje.
le pregunta al taxista cuánto le va a costar
el viaje. Desde aquí el taxímetro va a marcar
$90, más o menos.
Quiere alquilar un carro compacto por tres
días.
Lo siento. No tenemos disponible ningún
coche pequeño de cambio automático.
—ˇAh! żTengo que comprar seguro? żNo me
cubre el seguro de los Estados Unidos?
Empleada —No, seńora. Tiene que comprar
un seguro local.
turista o en viaje de negocios
GRAMMAR
PEDIR x PREGUNTAR
(http://www.123teachme.com/learn_spanish/children_pedir_preguntar)
What is the difference between Pedir and Preguntar? Both the verbs pedir and preguntar are
translated as 'to ask'
- but they refer to different types of things you can ask! See the distinctions in the below
examples:
Pedir
-to ask for an object,
service or favor
Preguntar
-to ask a question
-to request information
We ask for a taxi.
Nosotros pedimos un taxi.
He asked my age.
Él me preguntó mi edad.
I ask for a glass.
Yo pido un vaso.
Ask him if he wants to come.
Pregúntale si quiere venir.
Saber vs Conocer / Pedir vs. Preguntar
(http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/sabcon.htm)
In Spanish, there are two verbs that express the idea "to know." These two verbs are "saber"
and "conocer." The verb you choose depends upon the context in which it is used. These
verbs are not interchangeable.
To express knowledge or ignorance of a fact or information about something, use "saber."
Juan sabe donde está María.
Juan knows where Maria is.
Yo no sé tu número de teléfono.
I don't know your telephone number.
To say that one is or is not acquainted with a person, a place, or an object, use conocer.
Yo no conozco a María.
I don't know (am not acquainted with)
Maria.
Alberto y Alfredo conocen Madrid.
Alberto and Alfredo know (are acquainted
with) Madrid.
To express knowledge or ignorance of a subject or learning discipline, use saber or conocer,
depending upon the context.
Juan no sabe nada de
inglés.
Juan doesn't know any
English.
Él sabe matemáticas.
He knows mathematics.
Juan conoce la
literatura española.
Juan is familiar with
Spanish literature.
To express knowledge or ignorance of a skill, or how to do something, use saber + infinitive.
María sabe conducir.
Maria knows how to drive.
No sé nadar muy bien.
I don't know how to swim very well.
To say that you know something by heart, use saber.
María sabe los verbos irregulares.
Maria knows the irregular verbs (by heart).
Ella no sabe la letra de esa canción.
She doesn't know the words to that song.
The situation with regards to the correct use of saber and conocer can be summarized as
follows:
saber
to know a fact, to know something thoroughly, to know how to do something
conocer
to be acquainted with a person, place, or thing
The same sort of situation exists with respect to the two Spanish verbs pedir and preguntar.
They both mean "to ask" but they are not interchangeable. Fortunately, the rules for using
them are a bit more straightforward:
pedir
to ask for, or request an object, service or favor
Pido más carne.
I ask for more meat.
Pedimos ahora.
We order now (ask for service).
preguntar
to ask a question, or request information
Pregunto qué hora es.
I ask what time it is.
Preguntamos a qué hora sirven la cena.
We ask what time they serve dinner.
Your verb flashcards should be your constant companions. You should always have them
with you, and you should pull them out several times each day, even if you only look at them
for a couple of minutes. Now, let's add these two verbs to our growing stack:
Saber vs Conocer
saber: to know (facts, information, how to do something, something by heart)
conocer: to know (to be familiar with people, places, things)
Pedir vs Preguntar
pedir: to ask (for an object or a service)
preguntar: to ask (a question, request information)
A. Write the correct verb form, based upon the context of the sentence.
(http://www.studyspanish.com/practice/sabcon.htm)
1. Yo
a Juan. Somos muy
amigos.
I know Juan. We're good friends.
2. Busco el libro. ¿
usted dónde
está?
I'm looking for the book. Do you know
where it is?
3. Tengo que llamar a María. ¿
(tú) su número de teléfono?
I have to call Maria. Do you know her
phone number?
10.
los cuadros de Picasso.
Nos gustan.
We are familiar with Picasso's paintings.
We like them.
4. Pablo es niño. No
conducir.
Pablo is a child. He doesn't know how to
drive.
11. Ud. y Humberto no
bien
Acapulco. Es su primera vez en México.
You and Humberto aren't familiar with
Acapulco. It's your first time to Mexico.
5. ¿Quiere hablar bien el español? Es
necesario
los verbos irregulares.
Do you want to speak Spanish well? You
must know (by heart) the irregular verbs.
(hint: use the infinitive)
12. Ella es una amiga suya. Ud.
que es una señorita inteligente.
She is your friend. You know she's an
intelligent young lady.
6. Pregunta a Juan. Él
los
resultados.
Ask Juan. He knows the results.
13. Son bilingües.
hablar español
e inglés.
They are bilingual. They know how to
speak Spanish and English.
7. La chica es muy inteligente. Ya
el álgebra.
The girl is very intelligent. She already
knows algebra.
8. Tengo que ir. ¿
(tú) la
hora?
I have to leave. Do you know what time it
is?
9. El hombre es genio.
que
dos más dos son cuatro.
The man is a genius. He knows that two
and two are four.
14. Vivo en una choza. No
la
música moderna.
I live in a shack. I'm not familiar with
modern music.
15. Vamos a
el dinero.
We are going to ask for the money.
16. Juan
más comida.
Juan asks for more food.
17. Voy a
a qué hora cierran las
puertas.
I'm going to ask what time they close the
doors.
18. Los niños siempre
regalos.
The children always ask for presents.
19. María
cuándo empieza la
fiesta.
Maria asks when the party begins.
20. El chico le
a la chica ¿cuál es
tu número de teléfono?
The boy asks the girl for her telephone
number.
A. Write the correct verb form, based upon the context of the sentence.
(http://www.studyspanish.com/tests/sabcon.htm)
1. Busco el libro. ¿
usted dónde
está?
I'm looking for the book. Do you know
where it is?
6. Vivo en una choza. No
la
música moderna.
I live in a shack. I'm not familiar with
modern music.
2. Pablo es niño. No
conducir.
Pablo is a child. He doesn't know how to
drive.
7. Vamos a
el dinero.
We are going to ask for the money.
3.
los cuadros de Picasso.
Nos gustan.
We are familiar with Picasso's paintings.
We like them.
4. Ud. y Humberto no
bien
Acapulco. Es su primera vez en México.
You and Humberto aren't familiar with
Acapulco. It's your first time to Mexico.
5. Ella es una amiga suya. Ud.
que es una señorita inteligente.
She is your friend. You know she's an
intelligent young lady.
8. Voy a
a qué hora cierran las
puertas.
I'm going to ask what time they close the
doors.
9. María
cuándo empieza la
fiesta.
Maria asks when the party begins.
10. El chico le
a la chica ¿cuál es
tu número de teléfono?
The boy asks the girl for her telephone
number.
Instrucciones: Complete los siguientes diálogos con pedir o preguntar, según corresponda.
Directions: After typing in your answer click anywhere on the page to check it. Click on the "
# " button to see the correct answer. Use the "borrar" button to clear your answers and repeat
the ones you missed.
(http://legacy.lclark.edu/~benenati/pedirpreg1.html)
1. —¿Qué le vas a
al entrenador?
—Si vamos a jugar al báquetbol mañana.
—Están
partido.
2. —¿Cuá dinero le vas a
—Cien dólares.
6.—¿Tú siempre les
padres?
a tu tía?
información sobre el
consejo a tus
—No, nunca se lo 7.
3. —¿Qué te está
—Me está 4.
esquiar.
Elsa?
adónde voy a ir a
5.—¿Qué están haciendo los niños?
8.—¿Qué le quieres
—Le quiero 9.
hoy.
a Ester?
si vamos al parque
Indirect
Object
Pronouns
–
(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5P89bef1HA)
VIDEO
Indirect Object Pronouns: Part I
(http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/iopro1.htm)
The indirect object (IO) tells us where the direct object (DO) is going.
He gives the book to María.
DO=Book
He gives María the book.
DO=Book
Where is the book going?
To María.
Where is the book going?
To María.
IO=María
IO=María
The indirect object answers the question "To whom?" or "For whom?" the action of the verb
is performed.
He gives María the book.
To whom does he give the book?
To María.
He buys me flowers.
For whom does he buy the flowers?
For me.
IO=María
IO=me
Sentences that have an indirect object usually also have a direct object. Remember, the IO
tells us where the DO is going. Notice how the sentences below just wouldn't work without a
direct object.
He gives María . . .
the book, the pen, the diamond, etc.
He buys me . . .
flowers, candy, an ironing board, etc.
Sometimes the direct object is not stated; rather it is implied, or understood.
My mother writes me every week.
DO=letter (understood)
IO=me
(My mother writes me a letter every week.)
She told him.
DO=it (understood)
IO=him
(She told it to him.)
To identify the indirect object use our two guidelines:
1.
2.
The IO tells us where the DO is going.
The IO answers the question "to whom?" or "for whom" the action of the verb is performed.
When a pronoun takes the place of the name of the indirect object, use the following
pronouns:
me (me)
te (you-familiar)
le (him, her, you-formal)
nos (us)
os (you-all-familiar)
les (them, you-all-formal)
In an affirmative statement with one verb, the indirect object pronoun comes immediately
before the conjugated verb.
Juan me compra un
regalo.
John buys me a gift.
John buys a gift for me.
Juan le compra un
regalo.
John buys her a gift.
John buys a gift for her.
Juan te compra un
regalo.
John buys you a gift.
John buys a gift for you.
Juan nos compra un
regalo.
John buys us a gift.
John buys a gift for us.
Now, focus in on one part of each of the previous examples:
Juan os compra un
regalo.
John buys you-all
(familiar) a gift.
John buys a gift for youall.
Juan les compra un
regalo.
John buys them a gift.
John buys a gift for them.
Juan me compra un
regalo.
John buys (for) me a gift.
Juan te compra un
regalo.
John buys (for) you a gift.
Juan le compra un regalo.
John buys (for) her a gift.
John buys (for) you-all
(familiar) a gift.
Juan nos compra un
regalo.
John buys (for) us a gift.
Juan les compra un
regalo.
John buys (for) them a
gift.
Juan os compra un
regalo.
Let's extract the IO phrase and its English equivalent:
me compra
buys (for) me
le compra
buys (for) her
os compra
buys (for) you-all
te compra
buys (for) you
nos compra
buys (for) us
les compra
buys (for) them
Just like with the direct object, the indirect object presents a problem if one tries to translate
word-for-word:
Juan me compra un regalo.
John for me he buys a gift.
The key to learning to use the indirect object pronouns is the same as the key for direct object
pronouns. You must learn to think in phrases, not words. The phrases consist of a pronoun
and a conjugated verb. In the following examples, note that the IO remains the same, while
the subject of the phrase changes.
me compra
he buys me
me compran
they buy me
me compras
you buy me
The IO pronouns le and les present a special problem because they are ambiguous. That is,
they can stand for different things.
le
to (for) him
to (for) her
to (for) you-formal
les
to (for) them
to (for) you-all-formal
The following sentences, while grammatically correct, are ambiguous:
Ella le escribe una carta.
Ella les escribe una carta.
Out of context, there is no way we can know the meaning.
Ella le escribe una carta.
She writes him a letter.
She writes her a letter.
She writes you (formal) a letter.
Ella les escribe una carta.
She writes them a letter.
She writes you-all (formal) a letter.
Since le and les can mean more than one thing, a prepositional phrase is often added to
remove the ambiguity.
Ella le escribe a Juan una carta.
Ella le escribe a su hermana una carta.
Ella le escribe a usted una carta.
Ella les escribe a sus padres una carta.
Ella les escribe a ustedes una carta.
Sometimes a prepositional phrase is added not for clarity, but rather for emphasis.
Juan me da a mí el dinero.
John gives me the money.
(emphasizing that the money is given to
me and not to someone else)
Juan te da a ti el dinero.
John gives you the money. (emphasis on
you)
There is no ambiguity in the following sentence. It can only mean one thing.
Juan me da el dinero.
John gives me the money.
The addition of a prepositional phrase merely adds emphasis.
Juan me da a mí el dinero.
John gives me the money.
Let's sum up the important points of this lesson:
The IO tells us where the DO is going.
The IO answers the question "to whom" or "for whom."
Sentences that have an IO usually also have a DO
Sometimes the DO is not stated, but rather is implied, or understood.
The IO pronouns are: me, te, le, nos, os, les.
Place the pronoun before the conjugated verb.
Think in phrases, do not translate word-for-word.
Le and les are ambiguous.
Prepositional phrases are often used for clarity and for emphasis.
A. Determine the direct object (DO) and the indirect object (IO). Write
only the noun, not the article.
(http://www.studyspanish.com/practice/iopro1.htm)
He gave her the ring.
He sang them a song.
DO=
Give the dog a bone.
DO=
IO=
IO=
IO=………………..
DO=
B. Complete the correct pronoun.
7. Juan compra flores para ella.
Juan ………….compra flores.
9. Ellos dan una propina a mí.
Ellos …………….. dan una propina.
8. El mesero da el menú a ellos.
El mesero …………da el menú.
10. Compro el libro para ti.
……………..compro el libro.
C. Translate the phrases. Do not abbreviate "usted" or "ustedes."
Model:
he gives her (dar)
él le da
11. we (masculine) give
them (dar)
15. you-all (formal) give
me (dar)
18. we (masculine) tell
them (decir)
12. she gives us (dar)
16. Sara buys me
(comprar)
19. Susana writes to them
(escribir)
17. they (masculine) buy
you (familiar) (comprar)
20. we (masculine) bring
to you (familiar) (traer)
13. they (masculine) give
us (dar)
14. they (feminine) give
her (dar)
Exercise:
http://www.123teachme.com/spanish_sentence_quiz/category/indirect_object_pronouns_1
Los jugadores ………..echan la pelota.
El profesor …………corrige el examen.
Ella ………… trae su libro.
Ellos …………….enseñan la gramática.
María ………..va a dar el dinero.
…………….. digo siempre la verdad.
The players throw him/her the ball.
The teacher corrects his/her exam.
She is bringing her book.
They teach him/her the grammar.
Mary is going to give them the money.
El profesor ………….da buenas notas.
Nosotros ……………vendemos la casa.
The teacher gives him/her good grades.
María va a dar………….. el dinero.
Margarita ……………….da el dinero.
I tell him/her the truth.
We sell him/her the house.
Mary is going to give the money to you all.
Margarita gives him/her the money.
Verbs Like Gustar
This is a good time to discuss the verb "gustar" because using it requires use of the IO
pronouns.
Me gusta el cuarto.
I like the room.
Nos gustan los libros.
We like the books.
In English, the following sentences are correct:
I like the room.
We like the books.
Examine the same sentences more closely.
I like the room.
I = subject of sentence
like = verb
the room = direct object
We like the books.
We = subject of sentence
like = verb
the books = direct object
In English, it is correct to construct a sentence that has the subject "liking" a direct object. In
Spanish, this never occurs. In Spanish, a different construction is used.
English: I like the room.
Spanish: The room is pleasing to me.
English: We like the books.
Spanish: The books are pleasing to us.
The first thing you need to notice is that both versions really mean the same thing. They are
merely different expressions of the same idea.
Idea: My feelings with regard to the book are positive.
English Way: I like the book.
Spanish Way: The book is pleasing to me.
The second thing to notice is that in English, the subject of the sentence is the person (I, we)
while in Spanish the subject of the sentence is the object (room, books).
The room is pleasing to me.
Subject: The room
I like the room.
Subject: I
Finally notice that while the English sentence has a direct object, the Spanish sentence has an
indirect object.
The room is pleasing to me.
me = Indirect Object
I like the room.
room = Direct Object
Let's study the following example:
Me gustan los libros.
Literal Translation: To me are pleasing the books.
Actual Translation: I like the books.
Notice that gustar is conjugated as "gustan" not "gusto." A common mistake is to say "Me
gusto los libros." This is incorrect because the subject of the sentence is "los libros" even
though it comes at the end. Remember, the verb is conjugated to agree with the subject of the
sentence.
Me gustan los libros. (I like the books.)
Notice that the conjugation of gustar changes to "gusta" when the subject of the sentence is
singular.
Me gusta el libro. (I like the book.)
Since the subject of the sentence must be either singular (book) or plural (books), the only
forms of gustar you will use are "gusta" and "gustan." This is true regardless of what IO
pronoun appears in the sentence.
Me gusta el libro.
I like the book.
Te gusta el libro.
You like the book.
Nos gusta el libro.
We like the book.
Me gustan los libros.
I like the books.
Te gustan los libros.
You like the books.
Nos gustan los libros.
We like the books.
Remember, gustar becomes either gusta or gustan, depending upon whether the subject of the
sentence is singular or plural. It has nothing to do with which IO pronoun is used.
Subject is singular - use gusta
Me gusta el libro.
Te gusta el libro.
Subject is plural - use gustan
Me gustan los libros.
Te gustan los libros.
Remember, the IO pronoun is not the subject of the sentence!
Nos gustamos ... incorrect!
Te gustas ... incorrect!
Here are some examples of the correct use of gustar. Notice that the only forms of gustar that
appear are gusta and gustan, even though each of the IO pronouns is used.
Singular Subject
Me gusta la casa.
Plural Subject
Me gustan las casas.
Te gusta el cuarto. Te gustan los cuartos.
Le gusta la silla.
Le gustan las sillas.
Nos gusta el hotel. Nos gustan los hoteles.
Os gusta la comida. Os gustan las comidas.
Les gusta el reloj.
Les gustan los relojes.
Look more closely at one example:
Le gusta la silla.
It is impossible to tell whether this means:
1.
2.
3.
He likes the chair.
She likes the chair.
You (usted) like the chair.
For purposes of clarification, the sentence will often begin with a prepositional phrase that
clarifies just who the IO pronoun refers to.
A él le gusta la silla.
He likes the chair.
A Juan le gusta la silla.
John likes the chair.
A ella le gusta la silla.
She likes the chair.
A María le gusta la silla.
Mary likes the chair.
A usted le gusta la silla.
You (formal) like the chair.
As you can see, by adding a prepositional phrase, we remove the ambiguity of the "le" form.
You can also use a prepositional phrase to add emphasis, even if there is no ambiguity.
1. A Juan le gusta el café.
John likes coffee.
2. A mí me gusta el té.
I like tea.
In the first example, "a Juan" clarifies the ambiguous pronoun "le." In the second example,
there is no ambiguity. "Me gusta el té" can only mean "I like tea." In this case, "a mí" adds
emphasis, drawing attention to the fact that tea is what I like (as contrasted with what Juan
likes).
Another way to look at it:
John likes coffee. Me, I like tea.
A Juan le gusta el café. A mí me gusta el té.
Now that you know how to correctly use the verb gustar, here is a list of verbs that operate in
the same manner:
aburrir
to bore
fascinar
to be fascinating to
bastar
to be sufficient
importar
to be important to
caer bien (mal)
to (not) suit
interesar
to be interesting to
dar asco
to be loathsome
molestar
to be a bother
disgustar
to hate something
parecer
to appear to be
doler (o:ue)
to be painful
picar
to itch
encantar
to "love" something
quedar
to be left over, remain
faltar
to be lacking something
volver (o:ue) loco
to be crazy about
The practice exercises focus on 5 useful verbs:
gustar
faltar
molestar
parecer
disgustar
Note that all of the other verbs listed above behave in the same fashion as the five practice
verbs.
Let's add a flashcard for the special verb "gustar":
Verb
Complete List
Flashcards
A Juan le gusta el libro.
A Juan le gustan los libros.
To "like" something
Sirva usted de intérprete
With two classmates, play the roles of a rental car
employee, a Spanish-speaking customer, and the interpreter who helps them communicate.
Switch roles until each of you has played the interpreter’s role (Jarvis – Lebredo 2011: 108).
Cliente —Quiero alquilar un coche grande
por una semana más o menos.
Empleado(a) —Is that one okay?
Cliente —¿No tiene otro disponible?
Empleado(a) —Yes. We have the red one
over there.
Cliente —¿En cuánto sale el rojo?
Empleado(a) — Thirty-nine, ninety-five a
day, or two hundred and fifty a week.
Cliente —¿Es automático? ¿Tiene aire
acondicionado?
Empleado(a) —Yes, sir. How long do you
want it for?
I want to rent a big car for about one week.
Ése está bien?
Dont´you have othe any one other available?
Sí, tenemos uno rojo ahí.
How much is the red one?
Treinta y nueve, noventa y nueve por un día
o dos cientos cincuenta por una semana.
Is it automatic? Does it have air
conditioning?
Sí, seňor. Por cuánto tiempo lo quiere?
Cliente —Por ocho o nueve días. ¿Puedo
dejar el coche en otro aeropuerto?
Empleado(a) —Yes, but it costs fifty dollars
more.
Cliente —Bien. Voy a dejarlo en el
aeropuerto de Chicago.
Empleado(a) — Very well. That is two
hundred fifty dollars for the first week and
thirty-nine dollars and
ninety-five cents for each additional day.
How are you going to pay?
Cliente —Con la tarjeta de crédito de mi
compañía.
For eight or eight days. Can I leave the car at
a different airport?
Sí, pero cuesta cincuenta dólares más.
Ok. I am going to leave it at the Chicago
airport.
Muy bien. Cuesta doscientos cincuenta
dólares por una semana y noventa y nueve
dólares y noventa y cinco céntimos por cada
día adicional. Cómo va a pagar?
With the credit card of my company.
Sirva usted de traductor(a) Wanting to increase business by tourists from the U.S.
and Canada, the owner of a service station in a small Mexican city near the U.S. border asks
you to translate the following flyer into English. Review the Vocabulario adicional in this
lesson, and then translate the flyer (Jarvis – Lebredo 2011: 109).
Automundo, S.A.
La mejor etación de servicios
en esta área (Libertadores, 76)
Vendemos
gasolina sin plomo
gasolina regular
aceite de motor
Líquido de frenos
Líquido de transmisión
Limpiaparabrisas desde
Baterías nuevos y de uso desde
Reparamos
Llantas pinchadas
Bombas de agua
Radiadores
Frenos (los chequeamos gratis)
Gratis
Aire para las llantas y agua para el radiador
si llena aquí su tanque vacío. Si su coche no
arranca o se recalienta, le ofrecemos el
servicio de remolcadores.
AMPLIO ESTACIONAMIENTO
ESTACIONAMIENTO ECONÓMICO 24
HORAS AL DÍA
Automundo (corporation)
The best service station of this area
(Libertadores, 76)
We sell
Unleaded gasoline
Regular gasoline
Engine oil
Brakes fluid
Transmission fluid
Windshieldwipers from
New or used batteries or from
We repair
Flat tires
Water pumps
Radiators
Brakes (we check them free of charge)
Free of charge
Air for tires and water for the radiator if you
fill in your empty tank here. If your car
doesn´t start or it is overheated, we offer you
the service of tow trucks.
Extensive parking lot
ECONOMICAL PARKING LOT FOR 24
HOURS A DAY.
En estas situaciones With a partner, act out the following situations in Spanish (Jarvis –
Lebredo 2011: 109)
1. You are at a bus stop in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ask a passerby what bus you must take
to go to Calle Florida. Ask someone else if bus number 16 goes by there, if you need to ask
for a transfer, and, if so, where you have to take the other bus.
2. You are in Mexico and want to rent a car. Tell the employee that you want to rent a small,
standard-shift car for your stay on your business trip. Ask if you need to purchase insurance
and if you can drive with your current license.
3. You are an employee of a U.S. rental car company waiting on a Spanish-speaking customer
who doesn’t speak English. Ask if he/she knows how to drive standard-shift cars. Say that a
small car will cost him/her $36 a day, that the car will cost $24 per day if it is rented for a
week, and that insurance and tax are to be added to those prices.
Casos With you and a partner playing the roles, work through the following scenarios.
1. Two people waiting at a bus stop talk about the quickest route to their destinations.
2. An employee at a car rental agency discusses options and preferences with a customer.
GRAMAR
Verbs
Like
(http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/gustar.htm)
Gustar
This is a good time to discuss the verb "gustar" because using it requires use of the IO
pronouns.
Me gusta el cuarto.
I like the room.
Nos gustan los libros.
We like the books.
In English, the following sentences are correct:
I like the room.
We like the books.
Examine the same sentences more closely.
I like the room.
I = subject of sentence
like = verb
the room = direct object
We like the books.
We = subject of sentence
like = verb
the books = direct object
In English, it is correct to construct a sentence that has the subject "liking" a direct object. In
Spanish, this never occurs. In Spanish, a different construction is used.
English: I like the room.
Spanish: The room is pleasing to me.
English: We like the books.
Spanish: The books are pleasing to us.
The first thing you need to notice is that both versions really mean the same thing. They are
merely different expressions of the same idea.
Idea: My feelings with regard to the book are positive.
English Way: I like the book.
Spanish Way: The book is pleasing to me.
The second thing to notice is that in English, the subject of the sentence is the person (I, we)
while in Spanish the subject of the sentence is the object (room, books).
The room is pleasing to me.
Subject: The room
I like the room.
Subject: I
Finally notice that while the English sentence has a direct object, the Spanish sentence has an
indirect object.
The room is pleasing to me.
me = Indirect Object
I like the room.
room = Direct Object
Let's study the following example:
Me gustan los libros.
Literal Translation: To me are pleasing the books.
Actual Translation: I like the books.
Notice that gustar is conjugated as "gustan" not "gusto." A common mistake is to say "Me
gusto los libros." This is incorrect because the subject of the sentence is "los libros" even
though it comes at the end. Remember, the verb is conjugated to agree with the subject of the
sentence.
Me gustan los libros. (I like the books.)
Notice that the conjugation of gustar changes to "gusta" when the subject of the sentence is
singular.
Me gusta el libro. (I like the book.)
Since the subject of the sentence must be either singular (book) or plural (books), the only
forms of gustar you will use are "gusta" and "gustan." This is true regardless of what IO
pronoun appears in the sentence.
Me gusta el libro.
I like the book.
Nos gusta el libro.
We like the book.
Te gustan los libros.
You like the books.
Te gusta el libro.
You like the book.
Me gustan los libros.
I like the books.
Nos gustan los libros.
We like the books.
Remember, gustar becomes either gusta or gustan, depending upon whether the subject of the
sentence is singular or plural. It has nothing to do with which IO pronoun is used.
Subject is singular - use gusta
Me gusta el libro.
Te gusta el libro.
Subject is plural - use gustan
Me gustan los libros.
Te gustan los libros.
Remember, the IO pronoun is not the subject of the sentence!
Nos gustamos ... incorrect!
Te gustas ... incorrect!
Here are some examples of the correct use of gustar. Notice that the only forms of gustar that
appear are gusta and gustan, even though each of the IO pronouns is used.
Singular Subject
Me gusta la casa.
Plural Subject
Me gustan las casas.
Te gusta el cuarto. Te gustan los cuartos.
Le gusta la silla.
Le gustan las sillas.
Nos gusta el hotel. Nos gustan los hoteles.
Os gusta la comida. Os gustan las comidas.
Les gusta el reloj.
Les gustan los relojes.
Look more closely at one example:
Le gusta la silla.
It is impossible to tell whether this means:
1.
2.
3.
He likes the chair.
She likes the chair.
You (usted) like the chair.
For purposes of clarification, the sentence will often begin with a prepositional phrase that
clarifies just who the IO pronoun refers to.
A él le gusta la silla.
He likes the chair.
A Juan le gusta la silla.
John likes the chair.
A ella le gusta la silla.
She likes the chair.
A María le gusta la silla.
Mary likes the chair.
A usted le gusta la silla.
You (formal) like the chair.
As you can see, by adding a prepositional phrase, we remove the ambiguity of the "le" form.
You can also use a prepositional phrase to add emphasis, even if there is no ambiguity.
1. A Juan le gusta el café.
John likes coffee.
2. A mí me gusta el té.
I like tea.
In the first example, "a Juan" clarifies the ambiguous pronoun "le." In the second example,
there is no ambiguity. "Me gusta el té" can only mean "I like tea." In this case, "a mí" adds
emphasis, drawing attention to the fact that tea is what I like (as contrasted with what Juan
likes).
Another way to look at it:
John likes coffee. Me, I like tea.
A Juan le gusta el café. A mí me gusta el té.
Now that you know how to correctly use the verb gustar, here is a list of verbs that operate in
the same manner:
aburrir
dar asco
to bore
fascinar
picar
to be loathsome
molestar
to be fascinating to
bastar
to be sufficient
to be important to
caer bien (mal)
to "love" something
quedar
to hate something
parecer
to be left over, remain
faltar
to appear to be
doler (o:ue)
to
be
something
lacking
volver (o:ue) loco
to (not) suit
interesar
encantar
to be a bother
disgustar
importar
(to itch)
to be painful
to be interesting to
The practice exercises focus on 5 useful verbs:
to be crazy about
gustar
faltar
molestar
parecer
disgustar
Note that all of the other verbs listed above behave in the same fashion as the five practice
verbs.
VIDEO: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJ0LC4RxbCA
A.
Select
the
correct
form
(http://www.studyspanish.com/practice/gustar.htm)
I like the food.
I like the books.
You like the paintings.
She likes meat.
I'm lacking the money to buy the ring
We're lacking the money to buy the tickets.
Le faltan cuatro sillas.
He is missing a button.
I hate modern music.
They hate sports.
They hate television.
You hate this book.
The movie seems good to me.
The cars seem inexpensive to them.
The house seems expensive to us.
The clothing seems ugly to you.
The noise bothers them a lot.
Sometimes, the humidity bothers her.
The commercials bothers him little.
The drunks bothe me in the street.
of
gustar,
Me gusta la comida.
Me gustan los libros.
Te gustan las pinturas.
Le gusta la carne.
Me falta el dinero para comprar el anillo
Nos faltan el dinero para comprar los boletos.
She´s lacking four chairs.
Le falta el botón.
Me disgusta la música moderna.
Les disgustan los deportes.
Les disgusta la televisión.
Te disgusta este libro.
La película me parece buena.
Los autos les parecen baratos.
La casa nos parece cara.
La ropa te parece fea.
El ruido les molesta mucho.
A veces la humedad le molestan.
Los anuncios le molestan poco.
Los borrachos me molestan en la calle.
Translate the following sentences
(http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/games/gustar-
sp.htm)
I like the chairs.
Juan likes the chairs.
Juan is lacking four chairs.
Mary is lacking money.
Mary hates money.
Me gustan las sillas.
A Juan le gustan las sillas.
A Juan le faltan cuatro sillas.
A María le faltan dinero.
A María le disgusta dinero.
Pon las formas correctas de los verbos gustar/encantar/interesar
(http://www.todo-claro.com/English/beginners/grammar/El_verbo_gustar/Seite_1.php)
El tiempo libre
En mi tiempo libre me (gustar)
montar en bicicleta y también me (gustar)
parque o caminar en las montañas porque me (encantar)
verano me (gustar)
dar un paseo en un
tener contacto con la naturaleza. En
mucho ir a la playa para tomar el sol. Cuando hace mal tiempo me (gustar)
leer un libro o ver una buena película en la televisión. No me (interesar)
porque normalmente son violentas y a mí la violencia no me (gustar)
las películas de acción,
nada. También me (gustar)
navegar en internet ya que a veces puedo encontrar cosas que me (interesar)
, por ejemplo,
artículos de revistas electrónicas o información de otras culturas. Los fines de semana me (encantar)
encontrarme con mis amigos para tomar una copa, no me (gustar)
casa el sábado por la noche. Después nos (gustar)
discotecas del centro donde siempre hay buena música.
quedarme solo en
ir a bailar porque a todos nos (encantar)
las
Un paso más (Jarvis – Lebredo 2011: 110)
You own a service station in Uruguay. A customer whose car is falling apart comes to you for
help. Review the Vocabulario adicional in this lesson and use it and other vocabulary you
have learned to create a list of questions to ask your customer to find out what is wrong with
the car.
You are opening a new service station to which you hope to attract many Spanish-speaking
customers. Review the Vocabulario adicional in this lesson and use it to prepare signs
advertising services offered at your garage.
C
You work for a Tijuana-based transport company that is considering opening offices in
California. Your boss has asked you to identify companies that would be direct competition.
Prepare to give her the following information.
1. el nombre de la compańía: INTERCALIFORNIAS
2. ciudades en donde la compańía tiene oficinas:Los Angeles, Santa Ana, San Fernando,
Oxnard, San Ysidro, Fresno
3. el número de teléfono de su oficina en Los Ángeles: (213) 629-4885, (213) 629-4965.
4. el precio que cobra por un viaje de ida y vuelta de Los Ángeles a Tijuana:$40
5. para dónde tiene salidas diarias:a ensenada
6. otros servicios que ofrece la compańía:renta de autobuses disponibles.
Lectura After reading this lectura, get together with a partner and take turns answering the
following questions ‚(Jarvis – Lebredo 2011: 111)
Grammar
Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns Used Together (http://www.studyspanish.com/lessons/iodopro.htm)
Here are the direct object pronouns and the indirect object pronouns side by side:
DO Pronouns IO Pronouns
English Equivalent
me
me
me
te
te
you (familiar)
lo, la
le
him, her, it, you (formal)
nos
nos
us
os
os
you-all (familiar)
los, las
les
them, you-all (formal)
When you have both a direct object pronoun and an indirect object pronoun in the same
sentence, the indirect object pronoun comes first.
Ellos me los dan.
They give them to me.
IO pronoun: me
DO pronoun: los
Ella te la vende.
She sells it to you.
IO pronoun: te
DO pronoun: la
Whenever both pronouns begin with the letter "l" change the first pronoun to "se."
le lo = se lo
le la = se la
le los = se los
le las = se las
les lo = se lo
les la = se la
les los = se los
les las = se la
The reason for changing "le lo" to "se lo" is merely to avoid the tongue-twisting effect of two
short consecutive words that begin with the letter "l". To demonstrate this, first quickly say
"les las" and then quickly say "se las." See how much easier it is to say "se las?"
In negative sentences, the negative word comes directly before the first pronoun.
No se lo tengo.
I don't have it for you.
Nunca se los compro.
I never buy them for her.
Because the pronoun se can have so many meanings, it is often helpful to clarify it by using a
prepositional phrase.
Él se lo dice.
Ambiguous. He
tells it to
(whom?).
Él se lo dice a
Juan.
He tells it to him.
(to Juan)
Él se lo dice a
María.
He tells it to her.
(to María)
Él se lo dice a
ella.
He tells it to her.
In sentences with two verbs, there are two options regarding the placement of the pronouns.
Place them immediately before the conjugated verb or attach them directly to the infinitive.
She should explain it to
me.
Ella me lo debe explicar.
Ella debe explicármelo.
I want to tell it to you.
Te lo quiero decir.
Quiero decírtelo.
You need to send it to
them.
Se la necesitas enviar a
ellos.
Necesitas enviársela a
ellos.
Note that when attaching the pronouns to the infinitive, a written accent is also added to the
final syllable of the infinitive. This preserves the sound of the infinitive.
When the pronouns are attached to the infinitive, make the sentence negative by placing the
negative word directly before the conjugated verb.
Ella debe explicármelo.
Ella no debe
explicármelo.
Quiero decírtelo.
No quiero decírtelo.
Necesitas enviársela a
ellos.
No necesitas enviársela a
ellos.
When the pronouns come before the conjugated verb, make the sentence negative by placing
the negative word directly before the pronouns.
Ella me lo debe explicar.
Ella no me lo debe
explicar.
Te lo quiero decir.
No te lo quiero decir.
Se la necesitas enviar a
ellos.
No se la necesitas enviar
a ellos.