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Bio 8/22/12 -intro: discussing syllabus -87% guarantees an A Lecture -multi level organization New properties emerge, emerge from the parts -Reductionism reduction of complex systems understanding levels on the basis of parts on lower levels allows us to explain emergent properties I. EVOLUTION: living things evolve!!!! Unifies history of life on earth -history of the universe (ppt) (read about formation of life in textbook) 6 million years ago divergence between homo sapien and other HOWEVER 225,000 humans came -natural selection natural selection causes ancestral species to result in multiple species (Galapagos finches) II. living things obey physics and chemistry (no vitalism) Louis Pasteur- last person to believe in vitalism One bastion left in vitalism…nature of mind and consciousness III. living organisms share certain properties (ppt) (figure in textbook) IV. all living organisms are composed of cells Cell is lowest level of organization All cells are enclosed by a membrane All cells use DNA as their genetic material -Eukaryotic cells: membrane enclosed organelles, largest is nucleus -prokaryotic cells: simplest, smaller and no enclosed organelles -exponential growth: living things grow exponentially (ppt for formula) doubling time is a constant cannot go on forever…becomes unmanageable -thinking at different levels (ppt) -how many prokaryotic cells will fit into a single eukaryotic cell?? Assume shaped like a cube, one micron for prok=25 for euk -time scale (ppt) V. Genes specify proteins, which specifies structure and function -science vs. non science falsifiability 8/24/12 Chemical Connection to Biology -organisms governed by physics and chem -nucleus is a physical size -CHNOPS- core elements…98% of all life -Ca, K, Na, Cl are important ions -all other are trace elements required by organism in minute quantities