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Pass Ultrasound Physics Exam Match the Answers By Mansoor Khan MBBS, RDMS, RDCS ©Copyright 2014 Pass Ultrasound Physics Exam Study Guide match the Answers 1 ©Copyright 2014 Blue Cube Venture, LLC All rights reserved. The Pass Ultrasound Physics Exam Match the Answers is protected by copyright. No part of this study guide review may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the copyright owner. Introduction Practice Match the answers and prepare for ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation (SPI) exam. Get the results you deserve. This book is devoted to the ARDMS SPI exam and the material is based on the ARDMS physics exam outline. It explains the concepts in very simple and easy to understand way. If you are preparing to take ARDMS Ultrasound Physics Exam and looking for an ultrasound book which can help you, the Pass Ultrasound Physics Exam Math the Answers is for you. You can increase your chances to pass ARDMS Ultrasound Physics and Instrumentation exam by practicing and memorizing these match the answers. It is simple, effective, and fast so that you can succeed on your ARDMS test with a minimum amount of time spent preparing for it. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to help you. I will be improving this Match the Answers book and adding more material in future. I am in this field for more than ten years and my goal is to provide help to students and sonographers to become successful in their field. Mansoor Khan MBBS, RDMS, RDCS ©Copyright 2014 Pass Ultrasound Physics Exam Study Guide match the Answers 2 TableofContents Pulse Echo Instrumentation .......................................................................................................................... 4 Amplification ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Compensation ........................................................................................................................................... 9 Compression ........................................................................................................................................... 10 Demodulation ......................................................................................................................................... 11 Doppler Instrumentation ............................................................................................................................ 13 Hemodynamics ........................................................................................................................................... 20 Artifacts ....................................................................................................................................................... 29 Bioeffects .................................................................................................................................................... 34 Intensity ...................................................................................................................................................... 36 Propagation of Ultrasound ......................................................................................................................... 38 Pulse Ultrasound Principles ........................................................................................................................ 41 Resolution ................................................................................................................................................... 46 Sound Beam ................................................................................................................................................ 47 Ultrasound Transducers .............................................................................................................................. 52 Types of Ultrasound Transducers ............................................................................................................... 57 ©Copyright 2014 Pass Ultrasound Physics Exam Study Guide match the Answers 3 PulseEchoInstrumentation output _____ is also called acoustic power, transmit power, transmit gain, power gain, acoustic gain, output intensity, transmit voltage, output voltage power ______ power controls the amplitude of the voltage that excites the PZT crystals output higher voltage causes ________ amplitude mechanical oscillation of the PZT crystal higher higher voltage produces higher amplitude _____ waves sound increasing output power can cause ________ and tissue damage bioeffects pulsar produces ________ signals which excite the PZT crystals in the transducer and produce continuous and pulsed sound waves electrical pulsar is also known as the transmit ____ former beam pulsar also regulates the __________ of the electrical signals produced by changing the acoustic output power amplitude the pulsar functions during the __________ phase transmission increasing pulsar voltage will increase _________ on the image brightness ©Copyright 2014 Pass Ultrasound Physics Exam Study Guide match the Answers 4 there is a direct relationship between pulsar voltage and the returning echo _______ strength beam former is a part of the transmitter that functions with array transducers during ___________ and reception transmission beam former creates the appropriate phase ______ and pulse sequencing to create the transmit beam delays beam former also creates the appropriate phase delays and pulse ___________ to create the receive beam sequencing random and persistent disturbance that reduces the clarity of a signal is called _____ noise a comparison between the amount of meaningful information and contamination in an image is called ______ to noise ratio signal to improve image quality ____ signal to noise ratio is desired high there is a direct relationship between output ______ and signal to noise ratio power amplitude level below which no signals are visible because of the presence of noise is called _____ floor noise amplitude of the signal divided by the amplitude of the noise is called _____ to noise ratio signal ©Copyright 2014 Pass Ultrasound Physics Exam Study Guide match the Answers 5 signal to noise ratio is related to the ______ of the signal quality higher signal to noise ratio means _______ signal quality better a strong signal does not guarantee a ____ signal to noise ratio good a weak signal does not guarantee a ___ signal to noise ratio bad increasing the receiver gain does not ________ the signal to noise ratio improve when the overall gain is increased, the signal and noise are amplified by the ____ amount same random signals caused by electric amplification of small returning echoes is called _________ noise electronic random __________ of electrons within the electronics creates electronic noise excitation electronic noise looks like white speckle with high receiver gain in _________ spectrum Doppler electronic noise looks like random color pixels where there is no flow in _____ Doppler color clutter happens when ______ returning echoes obliterate weaker signals larger ©Copyright 2014 Pass Ultrasound Physics Exam Study Guide match the Answers 6 clutter is classified as noise but the signal from clutter and other noise sources are distinctly _______ different in electrical interference, the transducer receives energy from other ________ devices or electromagnetic waves such as radio transmission electrical the electrical interference can be carried through the air or from the _____ supplying the system power electrical interference looks like a bright flashlight down the middle of an _____ or a barber pole flashing image the electrical interference appear on Doppler _______ as bright white horizontal or zigzag lines in the spectrum called Doppler tones spectrum Amplification each active _______ is connected to an amplifier and processing chain element amplifier and processing chain are collectively known as the receive _______ channel 256 to 512 active receive channels are present in ________systems ultrasound benefit of more receive channels in ultrasound systems is greater __________ flexibility processing ©Copyright 2014 Pass Ultrasound Physics Exam Study Guide match the Answers 7