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Transcript
Name – Fitzgerald Notes on Hinduism, p. 116 – 120 Take notes using Bullets Key words and short phrases Avoiding full sentences Follow class modeling of form Question How old is Hinduism? Answer Developed over 3,500 years ago One of the world’s oldest living religions How did Hinduism develop? Blending of Ideas o Aryan culture mixed with India’s existing cultures o New ideas and beliefs became part of existing Aryan Vedas o Became very complex over time o Many different practices exist side by side Believe that since people are different, need many different ways of approaching God How is Hinduism unlike other major world religions? 1. What is Brahman? Spiritual power that is in everything 2. Why does Hinduism have many gods and goddesses? List some of the most important gods. Has no single founder (like Jesus of Mohammed) Have many great religious thinkers Worship many gods and goddesses But believe in a single spiritual power, Brahman Hindus believe there is more than one path to understanding the truth The gods and goddesses stand for different parts of Brahman Saying “God is one, but wise people know it by many ways.” Brahma – born from a golden egg, created earth and everything on it, not as widely worshipped as others Vishnu Shiva Shakti Ganesha – elephant, universality of creation, destroyer of barriers What is an avatar? A representation of a Hindu god or goddess in human or animal form Discuss the god Vishnu. Kindly god Concerned with the welfare of human beings Visits earth to guide humans or protect them from disaster Avatar – Krishna Discuss the god Shiva. Not concerned with human matters Very powerful Responsible for creative and destructive forces of universe Wife - Shakti What are the Upanishads and what form do they take? Give an example. A sacred test Means “sitting near teacher” Written in the form of questions and responses, like student to teacher Example Q – Who created the world? A – Brahman is the creator, the universal soul. Q – Describe physical form of Brahman? A – too complicated for humans to understand, has no physical form Explain the Hindu belief in reincarnation. Define it Discuss how actions affect it Note the ultimate goal What is Dharma and how is it linked to reincarnation? Definition The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth Rebirth of the soul Hindus believe that when a person dies, their soul is reborn in the body of another living thing How actions affect reincarnation Good behavior is always rewarded, bad is always punished Faithful followers of Hinduism will be reborn into a higher position Those whose actions have been bad may be reborn in a lower caste or as an animal The ultimate goal of reincarnation To be freed from the cycle of life, death, and rebirth To become one with Brahman The religious and moral duties of each person Duties depend on a person’s class, age, and occupation What is ahimsa? Nonviolence Hindus believe that people and all living things are part of Brahman Must be treated with respect What is a dietary practice of many Hindus and to what belief is it linked? What does the word “yoga” mean to a Hindu? To treat living things with respect according to ahimsa Many Hindus do not eat meat “union” Yoga exercises help free the soul from the cares of the world In this way the soul may unite with Brahman Give examples of different yogas. There are many yogas that may be used as paths to Brahman o physical activity o selfless deed - like giving to the poor o knowledge – learning the sacred writings o devotion – honoring a personal God Discuss the concept of private devotion in Hinduism. Worshipping privately at home Chose a personal god Offer food, gifts, and prayers at a home altar Devotion to the god brings the soul closer to Brahman