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Art 102—History and Appreciation of Art, Web-Based Course Study Guides for Art, A Brief History, fifth edition: by Marilyn Stokstad and Michael W. Cothren Unit I: The Renaissance Textbook: Chapter 12 “Early Renaissance Art” Pages 292-323 Page 1 of 8 What was the probably meaning of the Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ List some of the signs of wealth shown in this painting: ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Name some of the religious symbols and their meaning: ______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ The rise of a middle class, (merchants and bankers) had a direct effect on the arts. What effect can we surmise from this painting? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ The Renaissance began in Florence, Italy in the 15th century. How does your author define the word, Renaissance? ____________________________________________________________________________________ Classical—a specific reference to the art and culture of the Greeks in the 5th century B.C.E. A more general use of the term, classical, refers to the art and architecture of both the Greeks and Romans. Like the fifth-century Greeks, the people of the Renaissance were humanists. Your author defines humanism as a worldview that is focused on human beings. What does this worldview do for humans and the society they create? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ This interest in living human beings and their worldly experience was expressed in the naturalism of classical Greek art, and in the realism of the art of the Renaissance. A humanistic worldview leads to realism in art. Artists of the Renaissance interpreted the classical spirit of inquiry as “detailed observation of nature.” Unit I: The Renaissance Textbook: Chapter 12 “Early Renaissance Art” Pages 292-323 Page 2 of 8 What examples of detailed observation will we expect to see in the art of the Renaissance? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ The humanistic worldview emphasizes individualism. How is the Renaissance interest in individualism expressed in art? ____________________________________________________________________________________ We live in a humanist society. What are some examples of humanist values that we experience in our lives? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ What happened to religious beliefs in this period? ___________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Illumination—Illustrations for books or manuscripts. Originally, illuminations were created for the Holy Scriptures. They were so called because they “cast light” on God’s word. Illumination was not restricted to religious manuscripts. What other types of manuscripts were illuminated? What was the Très Riches Heures? ________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ What are the naturalistic characteristics in this book? ________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ What records tell us that women were illuminators? _________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Name the artist of the Mérode Altarpiece:__________________________________________________ What are “hidden” symbols? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Hidden symbols are also called icons. In this meaning of the word, an icon is an object that carries more associated meaning that is inherent in the object itself. Iconography—the imagery or symbolism in a work of art. Iconology is the study of this symbolism. Unit I: The Renaissance Textbook: Chapter 12 “Early Renaissance Art” Pages 292-323 Page 3 of 8 What objects in the Mérode Altarpiece symbolize Mary’s purity? _______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ What is complex about the light in this painting? ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Define Picture Plane ___________________________________________________________________ Besides the purity of Mary, what other symbolism is found in this painting?_______________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Define Tempera ______________________________________________________________________ What is the advantage of oil over tempera? ________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Define Glazes (in painting) ______________________________________________________________ What effect of light is created with glazes? _________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Although Jan van Eyck did not actually invent oil painting, he is the artist associated with the introduction of this medium. What is the dramatic theme of a Deposition? _______________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ What does the background in Rogier van der Weyden’s Deposition appear to be? ____________________________________________________________________________________ Do the figures in the painting continue this convention? ______________________________________ Unit I: The Renaissance Textbook: Chapter 12 “Early Renaissance Art” Pages 292-323 Page 4 of 8 In the painting, St. Eligius in His Shop, by Petrus Christus, why is the saint shown in a jeweler’s shop? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Why are we interested in the details of this painting?_________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ What is the function of the curved mirror?_________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Middle-class merchants were wealthy enough to patronize the artists of Flanders. How is this patronage integrated into the Portinari Altarpiece? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ What is the hierarchy of figures? _________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ In addition to being decorative, what purpose did tapestries serve? _____________________________ What kinds of threads were used in making fine tapestries? ___________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ What was the consequence of using gold and silver in tapestries?_______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ What is the symbolism of the Unicorn? ____________________________________________________ List some of the other symbols in the Unicorn tapestry: _______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ The source of the garden setting for the Hunt of the Unicorn may be the biblical Song of Songs (4:12) “You are a garden locked up, my sister, my bride, a spring enclosed, a fountain, sealed.” What two developments in Europe encouraged the art of printmaking?__________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ How were the printing plates for the earliest printed books created? ____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Unit I: The Renaissance Textbook: Chapter 12 “Early Renaissance Art” Pages 292-323 Page 5 of 8 Define the following terms: Woodcut ____________________________________________________________________________ Engraving____________________________________________________________________________ Intaglio______________________________________________________________________________ Incised ______________________________________________________________________________ Burins_______________________________________________________________________________ How do we know that Brunelleschi’s design for the dome of the Florence Cathedral was a success? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ How is it structurally different from other domes?___________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ What is the significance of the impost block in the Church of San Lorenzo? ____________________________________________________________________________________ What ideals influenced the design of the Medici palace? ______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Why might we think that the Medici’s were not concerned with the ideals of poverty and charity? ____________________________________________________________________________________ Define Rusticated_____________________________________________________________________ How are the individual stories of the Medici palace distinguished? ______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Define Sgraffito_______________________________________________________________________ What effect may have been intended by Donatello in making the figure of David small and boyish? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Unit I: The Renaissance Textbook: Chapter 12 “Early Renaissance Art” Pages 292-323 Page 6 of 8 Donatello’s equestrian monument of Erasmo da Narni is based on what earlier Roman sculpture? ____________________________________________________________________________________ What compliment did Michelangelo pay to Ghiberti’s bronze doors for the Baptistery of San Giovanni? ____________________________________________________________________________________ How were the separate panels of the doors unified? _________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ What techniques did Ghiberti use to indicate depth in space? __________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ How are these panels similar to paintings of this time?________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Perspective—in art, any technique that gives the illusion of depth on a two-dimensional surface. In the “Starter Kit” at the beginning of this book, you will find several techniques for creating the appearance of depth on a flat surface. Define the following: Overlapping__________________________________________________________________________ Diminution __________________________________________________________________________ Atmospheric perspective _______________________________________________________________ In 1425, Brunelleschi, working with Alberti, discovered the vanishing point, and perfected the rules of linear perspective. Linear Perspective—a system of perspective based on the observation that, as parallel horizontal lines recede in the distance, they appear to converge on a point on the horizon. Horizon—eye level What, then, is the Horizon Line? _________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Orthogonals—true horizontal lines that appear to tilt in the visual field and converge on a single point, called the vanishing point. Define Vanishing point_________________________________________________________________ Unit I: The Renaissance Textbook: Chapter 12 “Early Renaissance Art” Pages 292-323 Page 7 of 8 What systems of perspective are used in Perugino’s Delivery of the Key to Saint Peter? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ What scene is located on the central vertical axis of this painting? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Where is the vanishing point is this painting?_______________________________________________ Define Fresco ________________________________________________________________________ What technique did Masaccio use to create the trompe l’oeil effect in his fresco, Trinity with the Virgin? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Define Coffers________________________________________________________________________ How did Masaccio use light to integrate the painting with its actual architectural setting? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ What story is illustrated in the painting The Tribute Money by Masaccio? ____________________________________________________________________________________ What does the name, Fra Angelico mean? _________________________________________________ In Fra Angelico’s painting of the Annunciation, he has used several techniques to enhance the realism of the vision. What element in the painting is not realistic? ____________________________________________________________________________________ What is unrealistic about Uccello’s painting, The Battle of San Romano?__________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ What visual technique occupied Uccello’s attention? _________________________________________ Who are the mythical figures in Botticelli’s Birth of Venus? ____________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Unit I: The Renaissance Textbook: Chapter 12 “Early Renaissance Art” Pages 292-323 Page 8 of 8 A young Uma Therman portrayed Venus in a reenactment of this scene in the 1988 movie The Adventures of Baron Munchausen. In the companion portraits of Battista Sforza and her husband Federico da Montefeltro, how does Piero della Francesca unify the paintings? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ What is the precedent for showing the portraits in strict profile? _______________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Another reason the portraits are in profile, is that Montefeltro had a broken nose and had lost one eye to a sword fight. These disfigurements are disguised by the profile view of his face. What techniques does the artist use to create a sense of space in the background? ____________________________________________________________________________________ What is remarkable about the Studiolo of Frederico da Montefeltro? ____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Define the following: Studiolo _____________________________________________________________________________ Trompe l’oeil_________________________________________________________________________ Intarsia______________________________________________________________________________ Camera Picta_________________________________________________________________________ di sotto in sù _________________________________________________________________________ Oculus ______________________________________________________________________________ Parapet _____________________________________________________________________________ Putti________________________________________________________________________________ Balustrade __________________________________________________________________________
