Download CELL ENVIRONMENTS REVIEW SHEET

ENVIRO BIO CELL ENVIRONMENTS REVIEW SHEET 2014
NAME _______ANSWER KEY________________________
1. What is diffusion? THE MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES FROM AN
AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO LOW CONCRENTATION
2. Give three (3) examples of diffusion.
PERFUME SCENT, SUGAR DIFFUSING IN COFFEE, FOOD
COLORING IN WATER
3. Molecules move from a ___HIGH________________ concentration to a
____LOW_______________ concentration in order to reach a balanced
state called __EQUILIBRIUM_______________________
4. What is osmosis? Explain and be specific. OSMOSIS IS THE
MOVEMENT OF WATER FROM AN AREA OF HIGH
CONCENTRATION TO LOW CONCENTRATION ACROSS A CELL
MEMBRANE
5. What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
DIFFUSION IS THE MOVEMENT OF ANYTHING FROM HIGH TO
LOW CONCENTRATION. OSMOSIS IS THE MOVEMENT OF WATER
SPECIFICALLY FROM HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION ACROSS A
CELL MEMBRANE.
6. TRUE OR FALSE: When making popcorn, the “scent molecules” are
highly concentrated inside the package while being popped. When
you open the package and release the molecules, hat would be an
example of osmosis. Explain whether this statement is true or false
and WHY.
THIS IS FALSE BECAUSE IT DOES NOT TALK ABOUT WATER, WHICH
IS OSMOSIS. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF DIFFUSION.
7. The movement of water from a greater to lesser concentration
through a semi-permeable membrane is an example of what?
OSMOSIS
8. Define “semi-permeable”. SOME THINGS CAN ENTER, NOT
EVERYTHING
Define “permeable”. EVERYTHING CAN ENTER
Define “impermeable”. NOTHING CAN ENTER
Directions: Label each statement with either “ISOTONIC”
“HYPOTONIC” OR “HYPERTONIC” for questions #9-11.
9. If there is more water on the outside of the cell than inside, we would
say that it is…. HYPOTONIC
10. If there is 92% water inside the cell and 92% water outside the cell,
then
it would be considered…. ISOTONIC
11. There is an equal distribution of water inside as there is outside of
the cell…. ISOTONIC
12. Define the word “homeostasis”. A STEADY, STABLE INTERNAL
ENVIRONMENT
13. Give three examples of homeostasis:
a. SWEATING TO COOL OFF
b. SHIVERING TO WARM UP
c. DRINKING WATER WHEN DEHYDRATED
14. Use the diagram from your notes to label the cell membrane:
Labels: head, tail, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, phospholipid, protein,
bilayer
PROTEIN
HEAD
(HYDROPHILIC)
TAIL
(HYDROPHOBIC)
BILAYER
PHOSPHOLIPID
15. What are the functions of the cell membrane? Name two.
a. REGULATE MATERIALS THAT ENTER AND EXIT
b. PROVIDE SHAPE AND SUPPORT
16. What is a “phospholipid bilayer”? IT IS A DOUBLE LAYER
MEMBRANE MADE OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS
17. Which part of a phospholipid mixes with water? THE HEAD
18. Which part of a phospholipid does not mix with water? THE TAILS
19. Define “hydrophilic”. (use online activity 6.2) MIXES WITH
WATER
20. Define “hydrophobic”. (use online activity 6.2) DOES NOT MIX
WITH WATER
21. What is “facilitated diffusion” and what molecules need to use it?
FACILITATED DIFFUSION IS THE MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES
ACROSS THE MEMBRANE THROUGH SPECIAL TUNNELS IN
PROTEINS, FROM HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION. THIS IS
PASSIVE TRANSPORT, AND DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY.
22. Does diffusion use energy from the cell? NO
23. Does osmosis use energy from the cell? NO
24. Does facilitated transport use energy from the cell? NO
25. Does active transport use energy from the cell? YES
26. Define active transport and why does a cell need to do this? ACTIVE
TRANSPORT IS THE MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES UP THEIR
CONCENTRATION GRADIENT, FROM LOW TO HIGH
CONCENTRATION, AND THIS REQUIRES ENERGY
27. List the two TYPES of active transport discussed in class.
ENDOCYTOSIS_____________________________
EXOCYTOSIS______________________________
28. Which type of active transport moves materials into the cell?
ENDOCYTOSIS
29. Which type of active transport pushes materials out of the cell?
EXOCYTOSIS
30. In active transport, molecules go from an area of ___LOW____________
concentration to an area of __HIGH__________ concentration, which is
_____UP_______ the “concentration gradient”.
31. In passive transport (diffusion, osmosis, facil. diffusion), molecules
go from an area of ____HIGH___________ concentration to an area of
____LOW____________ concentration, which is __DOWN___________ the
“concentration gradient”.
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Directions: Name the tonic (isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic), draw arrows to
show which way the water moves, and answer the questions.
70% water
80% water
50% water
70% water
Tonic?: ISOTONIC
Which way does water go?
BOTH DIRECTIONS
Result in BIG words:
DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM
Tonic?: HYPOTONIC
Which way does water go?
INSIDE CELL
Result in BIG words:
PLASMOPTYSIS (ONLY
ANIMAL CELLS)
10% salt
95% water
(plant cell)
Tonic?: HYPERTONIC
Which way does water go?
OUTSIDE OF CELL
Result in BIG words:
FLACCID (“WILT”)
PLASMOLYSIS
Tonic?: ISOTONIC
Which way does water go?
BOTH WAYS
Result in BIG words:
DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM
HOMEOSTASIS
Salt Water
Red Blood Cell
Tonic?: HYPERTONIC
Which way does water go?
OUTSIDE OF CELL
Result in BIG words:
FLACCID (“WILT”)
PLASMOLYSIS
70% water
70% water
Egg without
shell