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Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea, it became one of the largest empires in the ancient world.[1] The Roman Republic 753-31 BC The Founding of the City: 753-262 BC 1184 BC: Aeneas arrives in Italy [Legendary] 753 BC: Traditional date for the founding of Rome. Agricultural settlements on the Palatine hill. 510 BC: The Expulsion of the Kings The Beginnings of the Roman Expansion: 510-31 BC 451 BC: The Twelve Tables 390 BC: Rome is sacked by the Gauls 367 BC: Praetor urbanus 343-290 BC: Rome at war with Samnites and Latins 287 BC: Last plebian secession 284-204 BC: Livius Andronicus, first Latin poet 281-272 BC: Tarentine Wars 270-266 BC: Rome at war with Umbrians and Etruscans The Contest with Carthage: 262-185 264-241 BC: First Punic War 242 BC: Praetor peregrinus 236-183 BC: Scipio Africanus 234-149 BC: Cato the Elder 218-202 BC: Second Punic War 215 BC: First Macedonian War 201-118 BC: Polybius, Greek who writes a history of Rome 200-196 BC: Second Macedonian War 185-129 BC: Scipio Aemilianus 149-146 BC: Third Punic War The End of the Republic: 146-31 BC 146-121 BC: The Gracchi Reforms 100-63 BC: Civil War 63-31 BC: The Career of Julius Caesar o 31 BC: The Battle of Actium along the western coast of central Italy The Roman family was patriarchal. The father of the family was seen as the head and the representation of the clan. Not only family lineage was involved in the group. Property, land, servants, and freeman were under the authority of the father and considered members of the family. The purpose of large families was for work and the preservation of the unit. Roman houses were built around a courtyard that was open to the elements. The open roof vented smoke and let the rainwater in. The open center usually contained a leisure area with a bath, chairs, and sometimes a garden. The interior of the house contained rooms for the nuclear family, a dining room, and indoor bathrooms. Best Known Features: The Ancient Romans were well known for their architectural ability. They constructed great buildings such as the Collesseum, auquaducts, and the Pantheon.The first architects were priests who wanted a location so they could say ?whatever happens is a sign from the gods.? The Roman architects first learned from the Greeks but when they became a world power they built with more imagination. Romans also went to public baths which were most common in ancient days. Most Roman men and women tried to visit the baths at least once a day.The baths had hot and cold pools, towels, slaves to wait on you, steam rooms, saunas, exercise rooms, and even hair cutting salons. At one time there were as many as nine hundred public baths in ancient Rome. The smaller ones held about three hundred people while the larger ones could hold up to one thousand five hundred. Later in the day the wealthier Romans rested while the poorer worked throughout. At the end of the day the Romans worshipped a large variety and great number of gods. Most Romans had a room or a shiny object in their home just for the purpose of worshipping these gods. The Romans also loved entertainment. There were many theaters and most were free to the public so all could attend regardless of class or wealth.